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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 2920-2930 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Methylenecyclopropanes, VII. Nickel(0)-catalysed Cycloadditions of Methylenecyclopropanes with Alkyl AcrylatesCycloaddition reactions of methylenecyclopropane (1) and of the ring-methylated methylene-cyclopropanes 5, 9 and 12 with alkyl acrylates are performed at nickel(0) catalysts, such as bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel unter mild conditions (0-50°C). Depending on the degree of methylation of the three-membered ring, 1 and 5 give only alkyl 3-methylenecyclopentane-carboxylates (4 and 6), whereas 9 leads to a mixture of the methylenecyclopentane derivative 10 and the alkyl spiro[2.3]hexanecarboxylate 11, and 12 react to form only the spiro[2.3]hexane derivative 13. With 12 isomerisation to 2,3,3-trimethyl-1,4-pentadiene (15) also takes place. In the case of 9 the ratio of methylenecyclopentane to spiro[2.3]hexanecarboxylate can be influenced by the size of alkyl groups. - In the Ni0-catalysed reactions of 1 with substituted acrylates (methyl crotonate or diethyl maleate) codimerisation to 16 and 17 competes with cyclodimerisation to 2 and 3.
    Notes: An Nickel(0)-Katalysatoren, bevorzugt Bis(1,5-cyclooctadien)nickel, gelingen Cycloadditionen von Methylencyclopropan (1) und dessen am Ring methylierten Derivaten 5, 9 und 12 mit Acrylsäure-alkylestern unter milden Bedingungen (0-50°C). In Abhängigkeit von dem Methylierungsgrad des Dreirings entstehen aus 1 und 5 nur 3-Methylencyclopentancarbonsäure-alkylester (4 bzw. 6), aus 9 Gemische dieser Methylencyclopentan-Derivate (10) mit einem Spiro[2.3]hexancarbonsäure-alkylester (11) oder aus 12 nur das Spiro[2.3]hexanderivat 13. Mit 12 tritt auch Isomerisierung zu 2,3,3-Trimethyl-1,4-pentadien (15) ein, Bei 9 kann das Methylencyclopentan-/Spiro[2.3]-hexancarbonsäureester-Verhältnis durch die Größe des Alkylrestes im Acryl beeinflußt werden. - Dagegen konkurrieren bei den Ni0-katalysierten Reaktionen von 1 mit substituierten Acrylsäureestern (Crotonsäure-methylester, Maleinsäure-diethylester) Cyclodimerisierung zu 2 und 3 mit der Codimerisierung zu 16 und 17.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Pentalenolactones E and F ; Palladium ; [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition reactions ; π-Facial differentiation ; Electrostatic interaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A successful new strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of pentalenolactone E (2a) and pentalenolactone F (2b) has been developed. This strategy involves the assembly of ring A of 2a and 2b through a Binger-type Pd-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of diquinene 7 with the diphenyl-substituted methylenecyclopropane 18. Diquinene 7 is available in an enantiomerically pure state in 8 steps from diester 8 by using a pig liver esterase catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis as the key step. Unexpected facial selectivities of 1,3-dipolar and Pd-catalyzed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions as well Michael reactions of 7 have been observed. Thus, 7 reacted with CH2N2 with a stereoselectivity of 98% or greater in favour of reaction at the concave side, with formation of the cisoid triquinane 27. A Trost-type Pd-catalyzed reaction of 7 with 11 gave the transoid triquinane 6 and the cisoid triquinane 12 in ratios of 1:1.7 to 1:5.3 depending on the polarity of the solvent. Binger-type Pd-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of 7 with methylenecyclopropane (13) in toluene afforded a mixture of 6 and 12 in a ratio of 1:7. In the Pd-catalyzed reaction of 7 with the phenyl-substituted methylenecyclopropanes 14a/b the cisoid triquinane 15 was obtained with a selectivity of 6.7:1 or above. Pd-catalyzed reactions of 7 with the disubstituted methylenecyclopropanes 16 and 18 gave, however, the transoid triquinanes 17 and 19, respectively, with selectivities of 23:1 and 7:1, respectively. Nakamura-type cycloaddition of 7 to the methylenecyclopropanone ketal 20 led to the quantitative formation of the transoid triquinane 21a and the cisoid triquinane 22a in a ratio of 1:2. The structures of cycloadducts 12, 15, 19 and 27 were determined by X-ray analyses. The π-facial differentiation may be ascribed mainly to a stabilization of the concave transition states by an electrostatic interaction between the lactone carbonyl group and the nucleophilic reagents. The stereoselectivity model proposed has been substantiated by a study of the analogous cycloaddition reactions of diquinenes 29a-c, which exhibited only a low π-facial stereoselectivity, and by an X-ray structure analysis of 7, which revealed a slight concave pyramidalization of the double bond. X-ray structure analysis and NMR spectroscopy of diquinane 28a showed the 5E-conformation, in which the hydroxy group occupies the pseudoaxial position, to be the more stable one. According to force-field calculations, the 5E-conformation seems to be stabilized by an intramolecular electrostatic interaction between the hydroxylic oxygen atom and the lactone carbonyl group, corresponding to the initial step of an intermolecular nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl group. The O-C1 distance and the O-C1-O angle found in the crystal structure of 28a support this notion.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Bicyclopropylidene ; [3 + 2] Co-cyclization ; Nickel(0) catalysis ; Palladium(0) catalysis ; 4-Methylenespiro[2.4]heptane derivatives ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bicyclopropylidene (1) readily undergoes a palladium(0)-catalyzed [3 + 2] co-cyclization with electron deficient alkenes (methyl acrylate, methyl trans-crotonate, methyl cinnamate and diethyl fumarate) as well as with some strained alkenes (norbornene, norbornadiene) by distal ring cleavage of one of the three-membered rings of 1. All these co-cyclizations are regioselective with respect to 1 as well as regio- and stereoselective with respect to the alkenes to give the corresponding 4-methylenespiro[2.4]heptane-trans-6-carboxylates 2a-5 with the electron deficient alkenes and the cycloadducts 6 and 7 with the strained alkenes in acceptable to good yields (56 to 83%). In contrast to palladium(0) catalysts nickel(0) complexes catalyze both distal ring opening of 1 and oxidative coupling of the two double bonds when 1 is reacted with e.g. diethyl fumarate. The result is a mixture of the methylenecyclopentane derivative 5 with the [2 + 2] cycloadduct 8 and the cotrimer 9.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 3089-3101 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclopropenes, VII. Nickel(0)-catalyzed Cotrimerisation of 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropene with Methyl AcrylateThe cotrimerisation of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (1) with methyl acrylate is catalyzed by phosphane- or phosphite-Ni(0) compounds under mild conditions (40-50°C). Depending on the nature of the phosphane or phosphite 1 and methyl acrylate cotrimerise mainly in the ratio 2:1 or 1:2 to give cis/trans-5 or cis/trans-6 and cyclic cis/trans-7. trans-5 and trans-6 are thermally more labile than the corresponding cis compounds. Heating to 200°C for two hours induces their complete rearrangement to 12 and 13 or 14 via 1,5-homodienyl-hydrogen shift.
    Notes: Triorganylphosphan- und -phosphit-haltige Nickel(0)-Verbindungen katalysieren die Cotrimerisierung von 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropen (1) mit Methylacrylat unter milden Bedingungen (40-50°C). In Abhängigkeit von der Art des Phosphans bzw. Phosphits entstehen bevorzugt offenkettige Cotrimere aus einem Mol 1 und zwei Mol Methylacrylat (cis/trans-5) oder offenkettige und cyclische Cotrimere aus zwei Mol 1 und einem Mol Methylacrylat (cis/trans-6 und cis/trans-7). trans-5 und trans-6 sind thermisch deutlich labiler als die entsprechenden cis-Derivate. Im Zuge einer 1,5-Homodienylwasserstoffwanderung lagern sie sich bereits nach zweistündigem Erhitzen auf 200°C quantitativ in die entsprechenden 1,4-Diene um (12 und 13 aus trans-5 bzw. 14 aus trans-6).
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 39-45 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanocene, complexes of ; Zirconocene, complexes of ; Allene complexes ; 1-Metalla-2,5-dimethylene-cyclopentane complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Allene Complexes of Titanocene and Zirconocene: Synthesis and ReactivityBis(trimethylphosphane)titanocene (1) and (η2-Ethene)(trimethylphosphane)titanocene (2) react with one equivalent of allene (3a), phenylallene (3b), 1,1-dimethylallene (3c), and 1,1-diphenylallene (3d) readily by displacement of one trimethylphosphane from 1 and of ethene from 2 to give regiospecifically the corresponding (η2-allene)(trimethylphosphane)-titanocene complexes 4a-d in good yields. From (η2-1-butene)(trimethylphosphane)zirconocene (6) and 3d the corresponding (1,2-η2-3,3-diphenylallene)zirconocene complex 7d is obtained in the same manner. The structures of these new allene complexes have been established unambiguously by 1H- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopy. A crystal structure analysis of the titanocene complex 4d confirms the spectroscopic structure determination. All the above mentioned allene-metallocene complexes consume readily a second equivalent of the allene derivatives to produce, in most cases, regiospecifically the corresponding 1-metalla-2,5-dimethylenecyclopentane derivatives 5a-d (M = Ti) and 8c, d (M = Zr); only the (allene)zirconocene complex 7a gives rise to a 1:1 mixture of the regioisomers 8a and 9. More conveniently 5a-d and 8c, d are synthesized directly from metallocene dichloride and the corresponding allenes 3.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 97 (1985), S. 333-334 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24 (1985), S. 316-317 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1996-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-4039
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3581
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-4039
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3581
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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