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  • 1
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    Caterpillar talk: Acoustically mediated territoriality in larval Lepidoptera (2001)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Male reproductive success and sexual selection in northern water snakes determined by microsatellite DNA analysis (2002)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Natal philopatry in passerine birds: genetic or ecological influences? (1994)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    A test of the good-genes-as-heterozygosity hypothesis using red-winged blackbirds (1999)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extra-pair paternity and the opportunity for sexual selection in a socially monogamous bird (Dendroica petechia) (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words DNA fingerprinting ; Extra-pair fertilisation ; Mating systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used multi-locus DNA fingerprinting to characterise the genetic mating system of the socially monogamous yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia). Over 2 years there were no instances of brood parasitism, but 59% of families (n = 90) contained extra-pair sired young and 37% of offspring (n = 355) were of extra-pair paternity. Most hypotheses for extra-pair mating in monogamous species assume a paternity benefit to extra-pair sires, and focus on the benefit(s) to females. However, the assumption of male benefit has been little tested. Among yellow warblers, known extra-pair sires were just as likely to be cuckolded as any male in the population, and there was at least one reciprocal exchange of extra-pair paternity. Nevertheless, among known extra-pair sires, the paternity gains from extra-pair paternity were, on average, greater than the losses in their own families. These results show there is a paternity benefit to certain males. However, the benefit is not absolute but relative and therefore more difficult to measure. The results also suggest that patterns of extra-pair fertilisation are not determined by female choice alone. Most confirmed extra-pair mates were territorial neighbours, but some resided as far as three territories apart, and greater spatial separation was implied in other cases. Thus, the opportunity for extra-pair mating is great. We estimate that as a result of extra-pair fertilisations, variance in male mating success is increased somewhere between 3-fold and 15-fold over that which would result from within-pair reproduction alone. These findings affirm the potential importance of extra-pair reproduction for sexual selection in monogamous species and they support earlier suggestions that extra-territorial forays by male yellow warblers are for the purpose of extra-pair mating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050179
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex ratios, mating behavior and sexual size dimorphism of the northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 36 (1995), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key wordsNerodia sipedon ; Sexual size dimorphism ; Sex ratios ; Mating behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Competition among males to mate is generally associated with male-biased size dimorphism. In this study we examine mating behavior in the northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), a species in which males are much smaller than females despite substantial competition among males to mate. Competition among males was a consequence of a male-biased operational sex ratio due to slightly higher female mortality from a birth sex ratio of 1:1, and, in 1 year, more synchronous and longer mating activity by males. Approximately one-third of both males and females appeared not to mate in a given year. Larger males were generally more likely to attempt mating, but size did not explain the variance in the number of aggregations in which individual males participated. Within aggregations, males that were successful at achieving intromission were larger than unsuccessful males in 1 of 2 years. Variation in condition (mass relative to length) and relative tail length were not generally useful predictors of either mating effort or success in males. Because large size was often advantageous to males, sexual size dimorphism appeared not to be a consequence of sexual selection favoring smaller males. Because sexual dimorphism was evident at birth, and both males and females matured sexually at about 4 years, sexual dimorphism was not simply a consequence of one sex growing at the maximum rate for longer. Female fecundity increased with size, and sex differences in size-fecundity relations may underly the pattern of sexual size dimorphism. However, because multiple mating by females is common, sperm competition is likely to be important in determining male reproductive success. Therefore, allocation of energy to sperm rather than growth may also prove to be an important influence on male growth rates and sexual size dimorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167791
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female distribution affects mate searching and sexual selection in male northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon) (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 47 (1999), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Mate searching ; Sexual dimorphism ; Spatial patterns ; Sexual selection ; Northern water snakes ; Nerodia sipedon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Mating systems and sexual selection are assumed to be affected by the distribution of critical resources. We use observations of 312 mating aggregations to compare mate-searching success of male northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon) in two marshes in which differences in mating substrate availability resulted in more than fourfold differences in female dispersion. Reproductive males had significantly larger home ranges where females were dispersed than where females were clumped. The number of females encountered by males increased significantly with male home range size where females were dispersed, and decreased significantly where females were clumped. Where females were clumped, males were more likely to encounter other males when they located females. We found no evidence in either population that mate searching was energetically expensive or that males with relatively more energy had larger home ranges. However, males with greater fat reserves at the start of the season participated in more mating aggregations when females were dispersed, suggesting that fat reserves could affect a male’s willingness to attempt mating or to persist in aggregations. When females were dispersed there was weak stabilizing selection acting to maintain male body size (β=–0.14), but strong directional selection favoring larger (β=0.50) and fatter (β=0.37) males. Over 7 years, the intensity of selection favoring larger males varied substantially (β=0.14–1.15), but that variation was not related to variation in the operational sex ratio. We found no evidence of directional selection on either body size (β=0.05) or fat reserves (β=0.10) of males when females were spatially clumped. Overall, the distribution of females had a pronounced effect on male behavior, on the factors that affected male success in locating females, and probably on the extent of sperm competition once females had been located.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050644
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pair and extra-pair mating success relative to male quality in red-winged blackbirds (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Mating ; Extra-pair mating ; Reproductive success ; Sexual selection ; Red-winged blackbird
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We tested whether the reproductive success of male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) varied with male secondary sexual traits or with haematozoa prevalence, and whether these patterns were consistent with females preferring genetically superior males. We also determined whether the traits that correlated with male success on their own territories were also correlated with male success at siring young on other males' territories. Our analysis included data from a 6-year study involving 617 nestlings for which paternity was determined by DNA profiling. Larger males sired more young on their territories, principally because they obtained larger harems. The success of larger males at acquiring more mates did not appear to be a consequence of larger males holding larger or better-quality territories. Older and longer-lived males sired more young by extra-pair fertilizations. Larger males sired the most offspring overall (on territory + off territory). Variation in epaulet size and color, responses to male and female models, nest defence and parasitism was not correlated with male success either on or off their territories or overall. Male success in a given year was significantly correlated with success the previous year, as expected if females were selecting genetically superior males. The male that was by far the most successful individual in this study was highly consistent from year to year. Because male body size is positively correlated with survival in this population (although not within the sample of males included in this study), female preference for larger males may have reflected a general preference for males with superior survival ability. We propose that the direct advantage realized by older males in extra-pair matings might indicate that experience is important, such that experienced males are better at creating or exploiting the opportunities for extra-pair mating. This hypothesis is consistent with a pairwise analysis of cuckoldry that showed that cuckolders were most often older than the males they cuckolded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164153
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