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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Black Sea Earthquakes of Sept. 11 and 12, 1927 (1927)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 120 (1927), S. 445-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GOOD records of the above series of earthquake shocks which were felt on the northern coasts of the Black Sea were obtained with the Galitzin seismographs at Kew Observatory. In the following table are summarised the times of arrival of the primary phase (P), and secondary phase (S), together ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/120445d0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The magnetocaloric effect: The role of magnetic anisotropy : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6507-6509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a ferromagnet, the magnetic entropy change induced by the application of a magnetic field is greatest in the temperature regime near the Curie point. In the paramagnetic temperature regime, the magnitude of the magnetocaloric effect is expected to rise monotonically with the size of the individual moments that make up the material. The magnetic properties of such materials are relevant to devices employing magnetic refrigeration. One aspect of the problem, namely the impact of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy on the magnetocaloric effect, is explored. The results of Monte Carlo simulations for classical Heisenberg ferromagnets on a fcc lattice with anisotropy are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352596
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetocaloric effect in superferromagnetic clusters having uniaxial magnetic anisotropy : 38th Annual Conference On Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5493-5495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic entropy change, ΔS (hence the heating or cooling) of ferromagnetically coupled magnetic clusters induced by an application of a magnetic field is substantial and occurs over a broad temperature range. This behavior contrasts with a ferromagnetic material, where larger entropy changes can be obtained, but only over small temperature ranges close to the Curie point. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to obtain ΔS when the spins are subjected to uniaxial anisotropy fields. While previous calculations for interacting spins showed increases in the Curie temperature and enhancements of ΔS in the vicinity of the Curie point with increasing anisotropy, the present results for interacting clusters show similar increases in the temperature of ΔS peaks accompanied by decreases in the peak values of ΔS. These results show that the flattening of the ΔS peaks, which make superferromagnetic materials valuable for magnetic refrigeration is assisted by the presence of uniaxial anisotropy. Some effects on ΔS of placing the spins on fixed BCC, FCC, and sc lattices are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355667
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen on the properties of hard magnets : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6044-6046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The enhancement of magnetic properties of RE-TM hard magnet materials, such as RE2Fe17, upon nitriding is studied using the Wigner–Seitz (Voronoi) construct. In analogy with other RE-TM nitrides, it is concluded that nitrogen has a strong preference to occupy the octahedral 9e site in the 2:17 compounds, to the exclusion of the other proposed sites. Additional materials are suggested as candidates for nitriding on the basis of the availability of such an octahedral site. The site preference and its effect on the magnetism in RE2Fe17 is discussed in relation to the Wigner–Seitz cell of the atoms. The magnetic moments on the iron are shown to be correlated with the WS cell volumes, and this dependence differs from that associated with αFe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358360
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cohesion and promotion energies in the transition metals: Implications of the local-density approximation : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5688-5690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The accuracy of the local-density (LDA) or local-spin-density (LSDA) approximations when applied to transition metals is of great concern. Estimates of the cohesive energy compare the total energy of the solid with that of the free atom. This involves chosing the reference state of the free atom which, as a rule, will not be the free atom's ground state in LDA or LSDA. Comparing one reference state versus another, e.g., the dn−1s vs dn−2s2 for a transition metal, corresponds to calculating an s-d promotion energy Δ, which may be compared with experiment. Gunnarsson and Jones (GJ) [Phys. Rev. B 31, 7588 (1985)] found for the 3d row that the calculated Δ displayed systematic errors which they attributed to a difference in error within the LSDA in the treatment of the coupling of the outer-core electrons with the d versus non-d valence electrons. This study has been extended to relativistic calculations for the 3d, 4d, and 5d rows and for other promotions. The situation is more complicated than suggested by GJ, and its implications for cohesive energy estimates will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347912
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic viscosity in Ni/Cu compositionally modulated alloys (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4904-4906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The existence of a magnetic aftereffect (magnetic viscosity) in Ni/Cu multilayered alloys was established using a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature and at 86 K. It was shown that the effect is strongly dependent on the step field H2 (i.e., the value the field is reduced to after the magnetic moment has been aligned in high field) and exhibits a maximum relaxation rate for values of H2 around the reverse coercive field −Hc. Aftereffect behavior of this type has been observed in other materials, although most often for systems composed of superparamagnetic particles, where the relaxation freezes out at low temperatures. In contrast, the relaxation in the CMA was shown to be enhanced at 86 K over its value at room temperature. New measurements over a wider temperature range show that the enhancement in this sample reaches a maximum near 120 K, but below that temperature the relaxation does freeze out. The temperature of maximum enhancement varies from sample to sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344726
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disclinations: The magnetism and the magnetic anisotropies of the rare-earth–3d transition-metal hard magnets (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3136-3138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An important class of hard magnets, involving rare earth and 3d transition metals and sometimes metalloids, includes Nd2Fe14B and Nd2Fe17. We have noted a correlation between the local site magnetism in these two compounds and whether those sites lie on nets of so-called major ligand lines or disclinations, i.e., bond lines shared by six common nearest neighbors. We have proposed that a criterion for choosing candidate alloys with strong 3d moments is the occurrence of such disclination nets, and using this criterion, have listed several structures having 3d sites with this characteristic. We have also rationalized the crystal field anisotropies as relating to the orientation of the major ligand lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disclinations and magnetism in rare-earth–transition-metal hard magnets (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3580-3582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An important class of magnets, involving rare-earth and 3d transition metals and sometimes metalloids, includes Nd2Fe14B and Nd2Fe17. We have noted a correlation between the local site magnetism in these two compounds and whether those sites lie on nets of so-called major ligand lines or disclinations, i.e., bond lines shared by six common nearest neighbors. We propose that a criterion for choosing candidate alloys with strong 3d moments is the occurrence of such disclination nets. We have developed a computer program for the calculation of these nets, and using this, several structures having 3d sites with this characteristic have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338707
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constricted diamagnetic hysteresis loops observed for the high Tc superconductors (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4179-4181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic hysteresis loops, ac susceptibility, and resistivity measurements have been made on a Ba2 YCu3 O7−x-type high- Tc superconductor. The shape of the hysteresis loops well below Tc are reminiscent of constricted hysteresis loops observed in certain ferromagnetic materials which are usually associated with magnetic aftereffects. Similar dynamic effects, with a time constant on the order of 10 s at 40 K, are shown to be present in the superconducting material. This dynamic magnetic viscosity effect is in addition to the flux creep observed for longer time periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Where are the iron atoms and iron moments in RFEmAl12−n? A Wigner-Seitz analysis (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4246-4248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ternary compounds RFenAl12−n (n=4,5,6; ThMn12 structure) form an extensive family of alloys having complicated magnetic structures, with the rare earths (R) and Fe ordering at different temperatures. This magnetic ordering has been inferred from magnetization, Mössbauer and neutron diffraction measurements. X-ray results are in disagreement with the magnetic measurements as to which sites are occuped by the Fe, and it is not clear at which of the sites iron has the largest magnetic moment. Recently, we have suggested that the occurrence of a substantial magnetic moment at an atomic site in certain magnetic systems can be related to the occurrence of −72° disclination lines connection atoms on this site. These disclinations are bond lines joining two near-neighbor atoms which have six nearest neighbors and can be recognized by a sixfold face appearing on the Wigner-Seitz polyhedra of the two atoms. The Wigner-Seitz construction and its use in the analysis of this and related problems is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338488
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