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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé: Les données provenant de champs captants dans l'aquifère de la valée de la Scioto, près de Piketon (Ohio), ont été utilisées pour évaluer la quantité et la qualité de l'eau souterraine et pour définir les conditions de gestion de l'exploitation future de cet aquifère alluvial. La part de la réalimentation par la rivière, sous l'effet de pompages, dans les eaux des puits voisins du cours d'eau, a été estimée au moyen d'un modèle numérique d'écoulement souterrain et par des méthodes chimiques du bilan de matière. Ces analyses indiquent que 50 à 88 pourcent de l'eau pompée provient de la réalimentation par la rivière. Les simultations corrèlent la part pompée provenant de la réalimentation avec les pompages, le niveau de la rivière. La réalimentation provoquée à partir de la rivière a influencé la qualité de l'eau souterraine en conférant à l'eau des puits des caractères plus proches de ceux de la rivière que de ceux de l'aquifère alluvial.
    Abstract: Resumen: Los datos procedentes de un conjunto de pozos en el acuífero de valle del Río Scioto, cerca de Pinkerton, Ohio; se usaron para evaluar la cantidad y calidad de las aguas subterráneas, así como para planificar la gestión de los pozos cercanos al mismo, fue estimado mediante un modelo numérico de flujo y técnicas de balance químico de masa. Los análisis indican que entre el 50 y 88 porciento del agua bombeada procede de infiltración inducida. Simulaciones realizadas con el modelo permitieron correlacionar el porcentaje del agua bombeada que proviene de infiltración inducida, con distintas variables: caudal de bombeo, tramo del río, proximidad de los pozos al río, conductividad hidráulica del lecho del río, conductividad hidráulica del acuífero y nivel del tramo de río. La infiltración inducida ha afectado a la calidad del agua de los pozos, cuyo carácter químico es más parecido al del agua del río que al del acuífero aluvial.
    Notes: Abstract: Data from wellfields in the Scioto River valley aquifer near Piketon, Ohio, USA, were used to evaluate groundwater quantity and quality and to formulate wellfield-management concepts for future use of the alluvial aquifer. The percentage of induced river infiltration pumped from wells next to the river was estimated using a numerical groundwater-flow model and chemical mass-balance techniques. These analyses indicate that 50 to 88 percent of the wellfield water is derived from induced infiltration of river water. Model simulations correlate the percentage of well water from induced infiltration to wellfield pumpage, river stage, proximity of wells to the river, riverbed hydraulic conductivity, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and river-stage level. Induced infiltration of river water has influenced the quality of groundwater, making the wellfield water more similar to the chemical character of the river than to that of the alluvial aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ethics and information technology 2 (2000), S. 167-180 
    ISSN: 1572-8439
    Keywords: authenticity ; community ; computer mediated communication ; Dreyfus ; education ; internet ; Kierkegaard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract If the rhetorical and economic investment of educators, policy makersand the popular press in the United States is any indication, thenunbridled enthusiasm for the introduction of computer mediatedcommunication (CMC) into the educational process is wide-spread.In large part this enthusiasm is rooted in the hope that throughthe use of Internet-based CMC we may create an expanded communityof learners and educators not principally bounded by physicalgeography. The purpose of this paper is to reflect critically uponwhether students and teachers are truly linked together as a``community'' through the use of Internet-based CMC. The paper usesthe writings of Kierkegaard, and Hubert Dreyfus's exploration ofKierkegaardian ideas, to look more closely at the prospects andproblems embedded in the use of Internet-based CMC to create ``distributed communities'' of teachers and learners. It is arguedthat from Kierkegaard's perspective, technologically mediatedcommunications run a serious risk of attenuating interpersonalconnectivity. Insofar as interpersonal connectivity is an integralcomponent of education, such attenuation bodes ill for some, andperhaps many instances of Internet-based CMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 39 (1994), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: RNA cleavage ; Polysomes ; Imprinting ; Choroid plexus ; Leptomeninges ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The problem is to discover which of the promoters of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene stimulate the transcription of mRNA which is translated into protein. Three alternative leader exons are attached to the coding sequences in RNA transcribed from this gene in other systems, and it is mainly the paternal allele which is expressed in mouse development. Transcripts bearing each of the three leader exons were found in the RNA from the chorio-allantoic placenta, visceral yolk sac, and embryo, starting at 9.5 days. A varying proportion of one abundant transcript was disengaged from the polysomes at different days of development. This transcript was prefixed by the longest of the three alternative untranslated 5′ leader exons (exon 2), and it was consistently associated with polysomes in the choroid plexus and leptomeninges of the brain. Many exon 2 transcripts were abbreviated by endonucleolytic cleavage and lacked a poly(A) tail. In contrast, the transcripts with the shortest leader (exon 3) were mainly displayed on polysomes at all the stages of development which were examined. During mouse development, the production of IGF-II protein must be partly controlled by the mechanisms which regulate translation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1175-1179 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The time for brittle failure by slow crack growth for 22 polyethylene copolymers was measured in Igepal and air. The notched tensile tests were conducted in Igepal and air at 50°C and 4.2 MPa and in air at 80°C and 2.4 MPa. For failure times less than 103 min, the difference between the Igepal and air environments was not measurable. As the failure time increased beyond 103 min, the ratio of failure in air compared to that in Igepal increased so that for the very highest failure times of 5 × 105 to 108 min in air, the failure time in Igepal was reduced by 25 - 50 times. The correlation between the Igepal and air tests was generally good with respect to all types of polyethylene. However, a separation of the polyethylenes with respect to their comonomer, butene, hexene, or octene improved the correlation. The resistance to slow crack growth of all the current commercial polyethylene copolymers can be assessed by a notched tensile test in Igepal in about a week or less.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-05-04
    Description: The Middle Miocene (~17‒14 Myrs ago) climate is characterized by much warmer temperatures and an amplified hydrological cycle with respect to present-day climate. Though it is well known that a change in the global freshwater distribution via the hydrological cycle can impact climate and large scale ocean circulation, most modelling studies encompassing tectonic time scales rather focus on the sensitivity of the climate to orography, ocean gateways, land surface, ice-sheets, and CO2 changes. Alternatively, here we study the effect of two different kinds of hydrological discharge models and their respective boundary conditions, that are fully implemented in the earth system model COSMOS, on the climate of the Middle Miocene. The standard hydrological discharge model (HD) of COSMOS requires the information of high spatial resolution orography for the Middle Miocene that is conventionally tuned to present-day conditions, to calculate river routing following the steepest slope of the terrain. Instead, the flexible hydrological discharge model (FHD) calculates river routing by using Middle Miocene orography at identical grid resolution as the atmosphere model and additionally taking the dynamic topography of continental water levels into account. We find that the anomaly between a climate simulation of the Middle Miocene with COSMOS and HD versus a comparable simulation based on COSMOS and FHD reveals strong differences in the redistribution of freshwater in form of continental discharge from land to the ocean. As a consequence, deep water formation and large scale ocean circulation significantly differ between both model versions, emphasizing the importance of representing a realistic freshwater redistribution from land towards the ocean. We therefore conclude that a more realistic representation of climate states at tectonic time scales necessitates geological constraints on the freshwater redistribution, and changes in the freshwater redistribution may have had a profound impact on the history of global ocean circulation patterns over geological time scales.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 (2017): E3376-E3384, doi:10.1073/pnas.1617043114 .
    Description: In the presence of a non-adsorbing polymer, monodisperse rod-like particles assemble into colloidal membranes, which are one rod-length thick liquid-like monolayers of aligned rods. Unlike 3D edgeless bilayer vesicles, colloidal monolayer membranes form open structures with an exposed edge, thus presenting an opportunity to study physics of thin elastic sheets. Membranes assembled from single-component chiral rods form flat disks with uniform edge twist. In comparison, membranes comprised of mixture of rods with opposite chiralities can have the edge twist of either handedness. In this limit disk-shaped membranes become unstable, instead forming structures with scalloped edges, where two adjacent lobes with opposite handedness are separated by a cusp-shaped point defect. Such membranes adopt a 3D configuration, with cusp defects alternatively located above and below the membrane plane. In the achiral regime the cusp defects have repulsive interactions, but away from this limit we measure effective long-ranged attractive binding. A phenomenological model shows that the increase in the edge energy of scalloped membranes is compensated by concomitant decrease in the deformation energy due to Gaussian curvature associated with scalloped edges, demonstrating that colloidal membranes have positive Gaussian modulus. A simple excluded volume argument predicts the sign and magnitude of the Gaussian curvature modulus that is in agreement with experimental measurements. Our results provide insight into how the interplay between membrane elasticity, geometrical frustration and achiral symmetry breaking can be used to fold colloidal membranes into 3D shapes.
    Description: T.G. acknowledges the Agence National de la Recherche Française (ANR-11-PDOC-027) for support. P.S., C.N.K, R.B.M. and Z.D acknowledge support of National Science Foundation through grants: MRSEC-1420382, NSF-DMR-0955776 and NSF-DMR-1609742.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 481 (2012): 348–351, doi:10.1038/nature10769.
    Description: From determining optical properties of simple molecular crystals to establishing preferred handedness in highly complex vertebrates, molecular chirality profoundly influences the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of both synthetic and biological matter at macroscopic lengthscales1,2. In soft materials such as amphiphilic lipids and liquid crystals, the competition between local chiral interactions and global constraints imposed by the geometry of the self-assembled structures leads to frustration and the assembly of unique materials3-6. An example of particular interest is smectic liquid crystals, where the 2D layered geometry cannot support twist, expelling chirality to the edges in a manner analogous to the expulsion of a magnetic field from superconductors7-10. Here, we demonstrate a previously unexplored consequence of this geometric frustration which leads to a new design principle for the assembly of chiral molecules. Using a model system of colloidal membranes11, we show that molecular chirality can control the interfacial tension, an important property of multi-component mixtures. This finding suggests an analogy between chiral twist which is expelled to the edge of 2D membranes, and amphiphilic surfactants which are expelled to oil-water interfaces12. Similar to surfactants, chiral control of interfacial tension drives the assembly of myriad polymorphic assemblages such as twisted ribbons with linear and circular topologies, starfish membranes, and double and triple helices. Tuning molecular chirality in situ enables dynamical control of line tension that powers polymorphic transitions between various chiral structures. These findings outline a general strategy for the assembly of reconfigurable chiral materials which can easily be moved, stretched, attached to one another, and transformed between multiple conformational states, thus enabling precise assembly and nano-sculpting of highly dynamical and designable materials with complex topologies.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-MRSEC-0820492, NSF-DMR-0955776, NSF-MRI 0923057) and Petroleum Research Fund (ACS-PRF 50558-DNI7).
    Description: 2012-07-04
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 8
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    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20168 | 115 | 2016-03-08 00:27:07 | 20168 | WorldFish Center
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This paper presents data and findings from focus group discussions in study communities selected by the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) in the Western Province of Zambia. The discussions focused on cultivated crops and vegetables collected from open fields and consumed as food. Participatory tools for agricultural biodiversity (agrobiodiversity) assessment were used to capture community perspectives on plant species and varietal diversity; factors influencing the availability and use of plants for food; unique, common and rare crop species cultivated in a community, identified through a four-cell analysis methodology; and core problems, root causes, effects and necessary actions to tackle them, using problem tree or situation analysis methods.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biology ; Ecology ; Aquatic Agricultural Systems ; Biodiversity ; Flood plains ; Research ; Africa ; Zambia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 82
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-09-08
    Description: A key challenge in the quest toward an HIV-1 vaccine is design of immunogens that can generate a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) response against the enormous sequence diversity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). We previously demonstrated that a recombinant, soluble, fully cleaved SOSIP.664 trimer based on the clade A BG505 sequence is a faithful antigenic and structural mimic of the native trimer in its prefusion conformation. Here, we sought clade C native-like trimers with comparable properties. We identified DU422 and ZM197M SOSIP.664 trimers as being appropriately thermostable (Tm of 63.4 °C and 62.7 °C, respectively) and predominantly native-like, as determined by negative-stain electron microscopy (EM). Size exclusion chromatography, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance further showed that these trimers properly display epitopes for all of the major bnAb classes, including quaternary-dependent, trimer-apex (e.g., PGT145) and gp120/gp41 interface (e.g., PGT151) epitopes. A cryo-EM reconstruction of the ZM197M SOSIP.664 trimer complexed with VRC01 Fab against the CD4 binding site at subnanometer resolution revealed a striking overall similarity to its BG505 counterpart with expected local conformational differences in the gp120 V1, V2, and V4 loops. These stable clade C trimers contribute additional diversity to the pool of native-like Env immunogens as key components of strategies to induce bnAbs to HIV-1.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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