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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 102 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tissue culture protocols were used to generate somaclonal variation in two synthetic populations of alfalfa. In both cases the somaclone populations give yields of dry matter about 29 % lower than the synthetic populations from which they were derived. Plant height and, for one population (LE-1), stem length, number of node per stem and internode length was also lower for the somaclones than for the original populations. The implications for plant breeding programs are considered and two hypotheses (one genetic and the other physiological), to account for the changes are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 43 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Six lucerne (Medicago sativa) genotypes (Beaver, Vernal and four other strains being developed at the University of Alberta) and five smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) genotypes (Carlton, Magna and three genotypes being developed) were examined in terms of forage dry matter (DM) yield and degradability, as determined by the rate and amount of material which disappeared from bags suspended in the rumen of cattle. Dry matter yield did not differ (p 〉 0·05) between lucerne genotypes at first cut. The smooth bromegrass strain 517 had a proportionately Oil higher (P 〈 0·05) DM yield than did the Magna strain. No differences (P 〈 0·05) were detected within either smooth bromegrass or lucerne genotypes for 48 or 60 h in situ DM degradability. The 416E smooth bromegrass genotype, however, had a significantly higher (P 〈 0·05) rate of DM degradation in the rumen than the other genotypes and also exhibited a longer (P 〈 0·05) lag period before a significant amount of DM degradability occurred. In the in situ technique, approximately eighteen bags would have been needed to obtain DM degradability measurements with a confidence interval of 0·04 for DM degradability of a probability of 0·95. Further in vivo studies with the bromegrass genotypes are warranted to ascertain if the differences in digestion rates and lag times are related to meaningful differences in animal intake and digestibility.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Callus was induced from segments of immature inflorescences of Elymus canadensis×Psathyrostachys juncea and Elymus canadensis×Secale cereale F1 hybrids on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of 2,4-D and plants were regenerated from the calluses on a hormone free MS medium. The plants regenerated from both the hybrids exhibited a high degree of stability in morphology, chromosome number and chromosome pairing. The reasons for this are discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 104 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Karyotype of Canada wildrye (Elymus canadenisis L.) was described using giemsa C-banding techniques. Most of the chromosomes showed dome banding pattern polymorphism. Small to large terminal and centormere bands were observed in most of the chromosomes. A faint satellite was observed in one chromosome. Tow chromosomes had a large interstitial band near the centromeres in the long arms. The Giemsa C-banding pattern of E. Canadensis is compared to that of Pseudoroegneria spicata and Critesion boddanii to illustrate species relationship.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 104 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eleven C2 and two C3 0pen-pollinated plains from Elymus canadensis × Secale cereale amphiploid plants (2n = 6x = 42, SSHHRR) were examined for chromosome constitution and meiosis. Chromosome numbers of the progeny varied: 2n = 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 39, 40, and 41. Elimination of portions of genome constituents were made at random and were irregular in all o the progeny. Monosomic (2n = 41) and nullisomic (2n = 40) plants lost one to two E. canadensis or S. cereale chromosomes and showed average of 17 to 18 bivalents and 4 to 5 univalents per cell at Ml. The C2, aneuploid plants with 36 to 41 chromosomes seemed to result from selfing or intercrossing among; the C1 amphiploid plants, while the plants of 2n = 26 to 2S (6–9 II + 10–141) might originate from outcrosses of the Cl amphiploid to S. cereale. Bivalent pairing might be preferentially intragenomic (S-S, H-H, or R-R). The occurrence of multivalents indicates a low potential of both intragenomic and intragenomic pairing; Pollen of the lour plants showed poor stainability (1 to 13 %) and no seed set in any of the progeny.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 102 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thirty five octoploids (2n = 56). two aneuploids (2n = 54), and one hexaploid (2n = 42) were obtained from the self-fertilized octoploid which was regenerated from the immature inflorescence culture of Elymus canadensis. The octoploid regenerant showed gigas leaves and stems but reduced tillering and fertility. The selfed octoploid progeny varied from genotype to genotype for all of the characters investigated. Hexaploid was morphologically superior to other ploidy levels. Its dry matter yield was 34 % to 40 % higher than the octoploids and the tetraploids but fertility markedly decreased to 7.4 %. Chromosome pairing at metaphase 1 in the octoploid regenerant and its selfed progeny — octoploid, aneupioid. and hexaploid — were 2.57IV +0.83III + 21.23II + 0.971; 3.06IV + 1.06III + 19.66II + 1.251; 2.23IV + 0.85III + 16.54II + 4.69I; and 0.41IV + 8.34III + 8.25II − 3.141 per microsporocyte, respectively. High frequency of trivalents in hexaploid indicated that it is a doubled triploid. Unequal chromosome disjunction, laggards, and chromatid bridges were commonly observed at the anaphase stage in the first and second meiotic division.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 101 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To develop a system of clectrofusion for the genus Medicago, protoplast yields from 2 genotypes of M, sativa and 7 wild type1 accessions were determined. Protoplast extraction protocols from mesophyll cells, from suspension culture and from calls were evaluated. An alternating current of 10 volts an a frequency of 150 mhz was applied to tht1 protoplasts Ho align them in a pearl chain formation. A direct current pulse of 150 volts applied for 0.25 usec gave the highest number of protoplast fusions for material from mesophyll cells and suspension culture for both M. sativa and wild species. Over 20% of the protoplasts which occupied places in the “pearl chains” yielded fusion products. An average of 25% of the protoplasts treated with an electrical fusion pulse survived, started, to regenerate cell walls and to divide after a 12 days interval. This system can be used to produce new hybrids which, previously, could not be made in the genus Medicago.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 2539-2541 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 5 (1986), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Medicago sp. ; Tissue culture ; Somatic embryogenesis ; plantlet regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ten cultivars and breeding lines from two species of alfalfa (Medicago media and M. sativa) were screened for their ability to produce embryos and plantlets from the root and hypocotyl under three different tissue culture protocols. The three protocols differed in basal salt composition, vitamins, hormones and cytokinin additions. That protocol having a high 2–4,D low cytokinin induction step gave the highest percentage of embryogenic calli in some cultivars and lines. M. media cultivars and breeding lines had a high percentage of embryoid formation. M. sativa cultivars gave no embryoid formation. Two M. media breeding lines (Br1 and Le1), which were intermediate in the percentage of embryogenic calli formed from explants, had the highest number of regenerated plants established in soil. The creeping rooted M. media cultivar Heinrichs produced the highest percentage of embryogenic calli from explants but most of these embryoids were abnormal and failed to grow in soil or vermiculite. Accordingly, successful regeneration is directly related to the quality and quantity of the embryoids produced.
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