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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 171-182 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Elastic compaction is characterized by the interaction of the deforming rock matrix and fluid flow for a given environment. The basic theory was developed by Biot. However, Biot's theory has to be extended in order to account for the effective pressure dependent, tensorial nature of permeability. Fluid flow in a deformable rock matrix is controlled by a nonlinear, time dependent permeability. Permeability is defined as a function of the rock matrix pressure as well as the excess fluid pressure. A two-dimensional Finite Element approximation of this process has been developed. Based on numerical experiments the consequences of structural and physical heterogeneities of permeability are investigated and discussed. The numerical calculations emphasize the temporal and spatial significance of permeability variations due to the interaction of rock matrix deformation and fluid flow. The influence of these permeability changes on transient fluid flow cannot be understood without the tool of numerical simulation.
    Abstract: Résumé Le phénomène de compaction élastique est caractérisé par l'interaction entre la matrice de la roche et le flux de fluide, dans des conditions mécaniques déterminées. La théorie en a été développée par Biot. Un développement de cette théorie s'avère nécessaire si on veut tenir compte de la nature tensorielle de la perméabilité. Le flux de fluide dans une matière rocheuse déformable a été représenté en termes de perméabilité non linéaire fonction du temps dans un programme d'éléments finis bidimensionnel. La perméabilité est une fonction de la pression de la roche et de la surpression du fluide. Les effets de variations structurelles et physiques de la perméabilité sont étudiées et discutées à partir d'expériences modélisées. Les calculs numériques montrent la signification spatiale et temporelle des variations de perméabilité. Les processus non linéaires ainsi mis en évidence n'auraient guère pu l'être sans l'emploi de simulations quantitatives.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Phänomen der elastischen Kompaktion ist durch die Wechselwirkung zwischen deformierender Gesteinsmatrix und Flüssigkeitsbewegung bei entsprechenden mechanischen Bedingungen charakterisiert. Die grundlegende Theorie hierzu wurde von Biot entwickelt. Um dem druckabhängigen, tensoriellen Charakter der Permeabilität für eine geeignete Beschreibung der Wechselwirkung gerecht zu werden, ist eine Erweiterung der Biot'schen Theorie notwendig. In einem zweidimensionalen Finite Elemente Programm wird der Fließvorgang durch eine nichtlineare, zeitabhängige Permeabilität bestimmt, die eine Funktion von Gesteinsdruck und Fluidüberdruck ist. Anhand von Modellexperimenten wird der Einfluß struktureller und physikalischer Permeabilitätsvariationen untersucht und diskutiert. Die numerischen Rechnungen machen deutlich, daß Permeabilitätsänderungen durch die Wechselwirkung von Gesteinsmatrix und Fluid sowohl von räumlicher als auch von zeitlicher Signifikanz sind. Ihr Einfluß auf die entsprechenden Fließvorgänge ist allgemein kaum ohne das Hilfsmittel numerischer Simulation richtig erfaßbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-10-24
    Description: The record length and quality of instantaneous peak flows (IPFs) have a great influence on flood design, but these high resolution flow data are not always available. The primary aim of this study is to compare different strategies to derive frequency distributions of IPFs using the HBV hydrologic model. The model is operated on a daily and an hourly time step for 18 catchments in the Aller-Leine basin, Germany. Subsequently, General Extreme Value (GEV) distributions are fitted to the simulated annual series of daily and hourly extreme flows. The resulting MDF quantiles from daily simulations are transferred into IPF quantiles using a multiple regression model, which enables a direct comparison with the simulated hourly quantiles. As long climate records with a high temporal resolution are not available, the hourly simulations require a disaggregation of the daily rainfall. Additionally, two calibrations strategies are applied: (a) a calibration on flow statistics; (b) a calibration on hydrographs. The results show that: (1) the multiple regression model is capable of predicting IPFs with the simulated MDFs; (2) both daily simulations with post-correction of flows and hourly simulations with pre-processing of precipitation enable a reasonable estimation of IPFs; (3) the best results are achieved using disaggregated rainfall for hourly modeling with calibration on flow statistics; (4) if the IPF observations are not sufficient for model calibration on flow statistics, the transfer of MDFs via multiple regressions is a good alternative for estimating IPFs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Repeated gravity measurements were carried out from 1991 until 1999 at sites SE of Vatnajökull, Iceland, to estimate the mass flow and deformation accompanying the shrinking of the ice cap. Published GPS data show an uplift of about 13 ± 5 mm/a near the ice margin. A gravity decrease of –2 ± 1 μGal/a relative to the Höfn base station, was observed for the same sites. Control measurements at the Höfn station showed a gravity decrease of –2 ± 0.5 µGal/a relative to the station RVIK 5473 at Reykjavík (about 250 km from Höfn). This is compatible, as a Bouguer effect, with a 10 ± 3 mm/a uplift rate of the IGS point at Höfn and an uplift rate of ~20 mm/a near the ice margin. Although the derived gravity change rates at individual sites have large uncertainties, the ensemble of the rates varies systematically and significantly with distance from the ice. The relationship between gravity and elevation changes and the shrinking ice mass is modelled as response to the loading history. The GPS data can be explained by 1-D modelling (i.e., an earth model with a 15-km thick elastic lithosphere and a 7·10^17 Pa·s asthenosphere viscosity), but not the gravity data. Based on 2-D modelling, the gravity data favour a low-viscosity plume in the form of a cylinder of 80 km radius and 10^17 to 10^18 Pa·s viscosity below a 6 km-thick elastic lid, embedded in a layered PREM-type earth, although the elevation data are less well explained by this model. Strain-porosity-hydrology effects are likely to enhance the magnitude of the gravity changes, but need verification by drilling. More accurate data may resolve the discrepancies or suggest improved models.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    In:  KTB Report 87-2: Grundlagenforschung und Bohrlochgeophysik; Beiträge zur Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft in Clausthal-Zellerfeld (31.3. - 4.4.1987)
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Format: application/pdf
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