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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3730-3734 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single cyrstalline ZnTe layers have been successfully grown on (001) GaAs substrates by hot wall epitaxy at substrate temperatures between 280–370 °C. The vapor phase near the substrate surface was investigated by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Transmission electron microscopy, reflectivity, and photoluminescence were used for growth optimization, impurity identification, and strain determination. The biaxial inplane strain is about ε(parallel)=−0.5% at the interface and ε(parallel) (320 °C)=−0.06% at the surface for thicknesses of 1–5 μm. Two luminescence peaks can be assigned to As and N.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3637-3640 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Wide gap II-VI semiconductors have strong second order susceptibilities χ(2) and are therefore promising materials for efficient second harmonic generation. We have grown high quality single crystalline ZnSe/ZnTe/ZnSe/GaAs (001) waveguides by metalorganic-vapor-phase-epitaxy. Using end-fire coupling we observe a phase matched signal of the 1170.5 nm fundamental wave. The fundamental beam is generated by a tuneable KTP optical-parametric-oscillator pumped by a ps-Ti:sapphire laser system. Phase matching is achieved by coupling the TE0 fundamental mode with the TM2 second harmonic mode within the symmetric ZnTe waveguide. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 398-404 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the strain in ZnTe epilayers grown by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy on (001) GaAs and GaSb substrates. Reflectivity and absorption measurements are performed at 2 K using single-crystalline layers with thicknesses of 0.2–2 μm. The biaxial strain in the samples caused by the lattice mismatch of layer and substrate is deduced from the splitting of the degenerate heavy- and light-hole exciton. A polariton model is used to describe the reflectivity structure at the E0 gap and to determine the transverse exciton energies. The deformation potentials obtained from an analysis of the absorption structures are a=−5.5 eV and b=−1.4 eV. The critical thickness for ZnTe/GaSb is lower than 0.8 μm near thermodynamic equilibrium. It also slightly depends on growth temperature which has its optimum at 345 °C.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 584-586 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Second harmonic generation is investigated in a ZnSe/ZnS0.22Se0.78 waveguide grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on (001) GaAs substrate. Phase matching is achieved by a first order periodic modulation of the nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) within the waveguide structure. The modulation is generated by a focused ion beam implantation technique, resulting in a well confined damage of the crystalline structure. The observed phase matching wavelengths corresponding to various modulation periods between 1.6 and 1.9 μm agree with those predicted by calculations. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 28 (1980), S. 41-62 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This report presents data of longwave radiation fluxes and net balance as measured during the summer of 1971 on Hintereisferner HEF (Ötztal alps) in an altitude of 2960 m. Fluxes of atmospheric downward radiation are characterized by minima in the early morning hours. Values increase in the course of the day with increasing temperatures and vapour pressure and with the amount and vertical extent of clouds. On the average maxima are reached between 13 and 18 hours local time. Atmospheric downward radiation decreases soon after sunset when convective clouds disappear. Based on the measured values of longwave emission from the glacier surface radiative temperatures are computed, which agree well with nightly, direct measurements. As atmospheric downward radiation also longwave radiation balance depends strongly on the amount of low clouds. Net radiation balance on Hintereisferner depends essentially on shortwave radiation balance. It displays, in the time from July through September, a remarkably asymmetric daily variation with maximum net values in the afternoon. This asymmetry is explained by typical variations of surface albedo. Of the energy required to explain observed ablation in the vicinity of the equilibrium line, 77% can be attribued to the radiation balance in July and August and 93% in September, when albedo is a minimum.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von den im Sommer 1971 am Hintereisferner/Ötztal in 2960 m Höhe durchgeführten Strahlungshaushaltsuntersuchungen werden die langwelligen Strahlungsflüsse und die Gesamtstrahlungsbilanz mitgeteilt. Die atmosphärische Gegenstrahlung ist am kleinsten in den frühen Morgenstunden. Sie nimmt im Laufe des Tages mit steigenden Temperaturen, größer werdendem Wasserdampfgehalt und der zunehmenden Menge und vertikalen Erstreckung der Wolken zu und erreicht Maxima im Mittel zwischen 13 h und 18 h. Mit dem Zusammensinken der konvektiven Bewölkung nach Sonnenuntergang fällt die Gegenstrahlung rasch ab. Aus den erhaltenen Werten der langwelligen Ausstrahlung der Gletscheroberfläche werden Oberflächentemperaturen berechnet. Die erhaltenen Strahlungstemperaturen ergeben gute Übereinstimmung mit einem während der Nacht auf der Schneeoberfläche ausgelegten Minimum-Thermometer. Eine enge Beziehung besteht zwischen der langwelligen Strahlungsbilanz und dem Bedeckungsgrad, die für tiefe Wolken am besten entwickelt ist. Die Gesamtstrahlungsbilanz, die am Hintereisferner im wesentlichen von der kurzwelligen Bilanz abhängt, zeigt von Juli bis September einen deutlich asymmetrischen Tagesgang mit hohen Werten der Bilanz am Nachmittag, was vor allem auf die Tagesgänge der Albedo zurückzuführen ist. Im Juli und August kann an der Hauptstation Hintereisferner die beobachtete Ablation der Schneedecke zu 77% und im September wegen der geringen Albedo zu etwa 93% durch Strahlung erklärt werden.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 27 (1979), S. 297-324 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Measurements of the shortwave radiation near the mean equilibrium line of Hintereisferner (Ötztal alps, 2960 m) during the main ablation period (July–September) 1971 are discussed. Supplementary, weather observations were carried out which permitted to relate the components of the radiation balance to synoptic conditions. During the three months investigated, the sums of global radiation of an overcast day were half as large as that of sunny days, on the average. Compared to a valley station (Innsbruck) the high mountain station receives significantly more global radiation, expecially on overcast days. As is shown in numerous examples the most important factor for the radiation balance is the reflectivity (albedo) of the snow surface which depends directly on the weather conditions. During the 1971 measuring period albedo values range from 95% for fresh snow fallen at temperatures below freezing down to 15% for heavily contaminated ice. Surface conditions being equal, higher values of albedo are found under overcast conditions than with clear sky. The observed daily variations of albedo are determined by the physical properties of the snow. Also, the reflectivity of the snow is a function of the wave length and therefore of the spectral composition of the incoming radiation. On overcast days there were no detectable daily variations of the albedo whereas on clear days daily variations up to 40% were measured, depending on the type of snow.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden die Messungen des Strahlungshaushaltes in der Nähe der mittleren Gleichgewichtslinie am Hintereisferner in den Ötztaler Alpen (2960 m) während der Hauptablationsperiode (Juli–September) 1971 behandelt. Die Strahlungsmessungen wurden durch Wetterbeobachtungen ergänzt, um über die Erstellung einer Energiebilanz hinaus, die Verbindung des Strahlungshaushaltes mit synoptischen Größen untersuchen zu können. In den drei Monaten war die Tagessumme der Globalstrahlung an stark bewölkten Tagen im Mittel noch halb so groß wie die an Strahlungstagen. Der Vergleich mit einer Talstation (Innsbruck) ergibt insbesondere an trüben Tagen eine deutliche strahlungsmäßige Bevorzugung des Hochgebirges. Die für den Strahlungshaushalt wichtigste Kenngröße ist das Reflexionsvermögen (Albedo) der Schneeoberfläche, das direkt von der Witterung abhängt, was an zahlreichen Beispielen gezeigt werden kann. Die für die verschiedenen Schneearten festgestellten Albedowerte reichen von 95% für Neuschnee, der bei negativen Temperaturen gefallen ist, bis zu 15% für stark verschmutztes Eis. Bei bedecktem Himmel wurden bei sonst gleichbleibender Oberflächenbeschaffenheit höhere Albedowerte gemessen als bei wolkenlosem Himmel. Für die Schwankungsweite der Tagesgänge der Albedo sind die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Schnees entscheidend. Außerdem ist die Reflexion des Schnees eine Funktion der Wellenlänge und damit der spektralen Zusammensetzung der einfallenden Strahlung. An stark bewölkten Tagen war keine Tagesschwankung der Albedo nachweisbar, während an heiteren Tagen, je nach Schneeart, Tagesschwankungen bis zu 40% gemessen wurden.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 3 (1994), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: High-density luminescence ; Non-linear transmission ; ZnTe ; Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy ; Inelastic exciton scattering ; Electron-hole plasma ; Pump-and-probe method ; Exciton screening ; Band gap renormalization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: We investigated the high-density luminescence and non-linear transmission of ZnTe layers grown by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). For the high-density luminescence we compared ZnTe layers on (001) GaAs substrate with free-standing ZnTe layers of equal thickness. At high excitation intensities a strong luminescence P band appears a few meV below the free exciton energy which is assigned to resonant exciton-scattering processes. A second strong luminescence N band occurs only in free-standing layers. It shows a remarkable red shift with increasing intensity and becomes the dominant emission for an excitation intensity Iexc 〉 1.5 MW cm-2. This lower-energy band was interpreted as electron-hole plasma recombination.The optical non-linearity of thin ZnTe layers in the excitonic region was investigated by pump-and-probe experiments at 2 K and room temperature (RT). For these experiments we used two different pump energies, one above (at 2 K and RT) and one below (at 2 K) the band gap energy. In all cases a red shift and a large non-linear decrease in the excitonic absorption with increasing pump intensity was observed. The experimental results can be explained by many-body effects of exciton screening.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-08-03
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-06-07
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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