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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 31 (1986), S. 483-487 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 31 (1986), S. 487-492 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climatic change 33 (1996), S. 385-407 
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the principles of the probability theory a statistical model has been developed assessing the likelihood of occurrence of extreme temperature events from the knowledge of the statistical characteristics of the daily temperature extremes. It is demonstrated that the probability of such events is more sensitive to changes in the variability of climate than to changes in its average. Further, this sensitivity increases at a nonlinear rate the more extreme the event. The applicability of the model has been verified by comparing the simulated frequencies of a large spectrum of temperature events with the observed numbers derived from a long time series of daily temperature extremes at Potsdam. Accordingly, the relative simulation errors increase significantly as the events become more extreme. A correction is possible, because most of these errors are systematic rather than random. Moreover, in accordance with the climate observations the simulations reveal statistically significant linear trends in the number of extreme events since the end of the last century. Local scenarios of extreme temperature events have been derived for the city of Berlin by considering both hypothetical new climate states and climate changes simulated by a General Circulation Model (GCM). As a consequence of an increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases up to the end of the next century according to the IPCC Scenario A the repetition rate of extreme events in summer (e.g., hot days) is expected to rise considerably relative to the current climate. Moreover, in the winter season cold days will become extremely rare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparations and thermal decompositions of platinum halides PtXn (X = 1, Br, Cl) have been reinvestigated. The tetrahalides consist characteristically of PtX6 octahedra linked into chains by two common edges, a structural group ing present in two of three modifications of PtI4 and in PtBr4 and PtCl4. Normal thermal decomposition of PtX4 does not give the PtX3 compounds, but these can be prepared by other methods. They are all diamagnetic and for X = Cl and Br consist of both Pt(II) and PC(IV) structural elements. All three Ptl4 modifications and PtI3 decompose to a new Pt3I8 phase and subsequently to PtI2 which is dimorphic. PtBr4, PtCl4, PtBr3 and PtCl3 decompose to the respective dihalides for which there is also evidence of polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 2767-2782 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stable Radicals from 4,4′-Diaryl-4,4′-bi-5-pyrazolones4,4′-Diphenyl-4,4-bi-5-pyrazolones form long life radicals, the rate of homolysis depending mainly on the nature and number of substituents in the 4-phenyl group. A number of such bi-pyrazolones was synthesized and their properties were described, especially those of the pyrazolonyl radicals rising from them. In one case of a bi-pyrazolone of medium stability (B-5) a dissoziation energy of 12.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol has been determined.
    Notes: 4,4-Diphenyl-4,4′-bi-5-pyrazolone homolysieren - in Abhängigkeit vor allem von den Substituenten am 4-ständigen Phenyl - mehr oder weniger leicht in langlebige Radikale. Es wurden eine Anzahl solcher Bi-pyrazolone dargestellt und ihre Eigenschaften und die der aus ihnen entstehenden grünen Pyrazolonyl-Radikale beschrieben. An einem Bi-pyrazolon mittlerer Stabilität (B-5) wurde die Dissoziationsenergie zu 12.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3162-3170 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Platinum Iodides with Pyridine and Molecular and Crystal Structure of trans-Diiodobis(pyridine)platinum(II)Platinum iodides react with pyridine to give the adducts PtI2 · n py (n = 2, 4, 6), PtI4 · 2 py, and the hexaiodoplatinate (pyH)2PtI6. Thermal behaviour and vibrational spectra of the adducts have been studied. The crystal structure analysis of PtI2 · 2 py shows four molecules with trans-configuration in a monoclinic cell.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Platiniodiden mit Pyridin wurden die Addukte PtI2 · n py (n = 2, 4, 6) und PtI4 · 2 py sowie das Hexaiodoplatinat (pyH)2PtI6 erhalten. Der thermische Abbau und die Schwingungsspekten der Addukte wurden studiert. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von PtI2 · 2 py ergab, daß in der monoklinen Elementarzelle vier isolierte, trans-konfigurierte Moleküle enthalten sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das durch partielle katalytische Hydrierung von N-Methyl-pyridiniumsalzen und alkalische Aufarbeitung in 80-proz. Ausbeute erhältliche N.N'-Dimethyl-Δ2-tetrahydroanabasin (III) gibt beim Eintropfen in überschüssige eiskalte Salzsäure eine Lösung des Imoniumsalzes III a. Bei der katalytischen Hydrierung einer so dargestellten Lösung wird unter Aufnahme von 1 Mol H2 ein Gemisch von 1.1'-Dimethyl-dipiperidyl-(2.3') und -epidipiperidyl-(2.3') (V) erhalten. Ohne Überschuß an Säure, bei pH 4.6, erhält man aus III eine Lösung, in der, auch wenn man nachträglich stark ansäuert, praktisch quantitativ das unter Aufspaltung des Piperidinrings in IIIa entstandene doppelt ungesättigte Enimoniumsalz IVa vorliegt. Bei der katalytischen Hydrierung einer solchen Lösung wird unter Aufnahme von 2 Mol H2 in 89-proz. Ausbeute 1-Methyl-3-[5′-methylamino-pentyl]-piperidin (VI) erhalten. Aus den das Salz IVa enthaltenden Lösungen, in denen das Vorliegen von IVa außer durch katalytische Hydrierung auch durch das UV-Spektrum nachweisbar ist, wird beim alkalischen Aufarbeiten unter neuerlichem Ringschluß quantitativ N.N'-Dimethyl-Δ2-tetrahydroanabasin (III) zurückerhalten.  -  Auch in alkalischer Lösung, in der ein Aufgehen des Piperidinrings in III nicht nachweisbar ist, wird bei der katalytischen Hydrierung und bei der Benzoylierung eine teilweise Aufspaltung des Piperidinrings zu VI bzw. VIII beobachtet.  -  Schließlich wird gezeigt, daß in wäßriger Lösung vom pH 7 das N.N'-Dimethyl-Δ2-tetrahydroanabasin (III) schon bei Zimmertemperatur eine Aldimspaltung zu N-Methyl-Δ1-piperideiniumsalzen (IIa) erleidet. Beweisend hierfür sind die Bildung von N-Methyl-piperdin bei katalytischer, insbesondere bei langsamer katalytischer Hydrierung einer auf pH 7 eingestellten Lösung von III, die Bildung von 2 Mol N-Methyl-isopelletierin bei der Umsetzung mit Acetessigsäure bei pH 7 und die Bildung eines Kondensationsprodukts mit Benzaldehyd der Konstitution IX.  -  Auch die Bildung einer trimeren Base der Konstitution XII wird bei pH 7 beobachtet. Sie ist verständlich, wenn man zunächst einen teilweisen Zerfall der dimeren Base III bzw. ihrer Salze in das Monomere IIa und eine anschließende Aldimkondensation dieser beiden Teile annimmt. Bei der Reaktion mit Acetessigsäure bei pH 7 liefert die trimere Base XII unter Aldimspaltung 3 Mol N-Methyl-isopelletierin. Beim Lösen in der äquivalenten Menge, hier aber auch beim Eintragen in überschüssige Säure, geht die trimere Base XII in ein IVa analoges Enimoniumsalz XI über. Solche Lösungen zeigen im UV das gleiche Maximum wie Lösungen von IVa; bei der katalytischen Hydrierung wird eine Tetrahydro-Verbindung erhalten, die ein Monoacetyl- und ein Monobenzoyl-Derivat liefert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 72 (1960), S. 209-210 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-12-16
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-09-29
    Description: An innovative process for fission based 99Mo production has been developed under Isotope Technologies Dresden (ITD) GmbH (former Hans Wälischmiller GmbH (HWM), Branch Office Dresden), and its functionality has been tested and proved at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad. Targets made from uranium aluminum alloy clad with aluminum were irradiated in the core of Pakistan Research Reactor-1 (PARR-1). In the mean time more than 50 batches of fission molybdenum-99 (99Mo) have been produced meeting the international purity/pharmacopoeia specifications using this ROMOL-99 process. The process is based on alkaline dissolution of the neutron irradiated targets in presence of NaNO3, chemically extracting the 99Mo from various fission products and purifying the product by column chromatography. This ROMOL-99 process will be described in some detail.
    Print ISSN: 1687-6075
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-6083
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Hindawi
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