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  • 1
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    The solar wind structures associated with cosmic ray decreases and particle acceleration in 1978-1982 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The time histories of particles in the energy range 1 MeV to 1 GeV at times of all greater than 3 percent cosmic ray decreases in the years 1978 to 1982 are studied. Essentially all 59 of the decreases commenced at or before the passages of interplanetary shocks, the majority of which accelerated energetic particles. We use the intensity-time profiles of the energetic particles to separate the cosmic ray decreases into four classes which we subsequently associate with four types of solar wind structures. Decreases in class 1 (15 events) and class 2 (26 events) can be associated with shocks which are driven by energetic coronal mass ejections. For class 1 events the ejecta is detected at 1 AU whereas this is not the case for class 2 events. The shock must therefore play a dominant role in producing the depression of cosmic rays in class 2 events. In all class 1 and 2 events (which comprise 69 percent of the total) the departure time of the ejection from the sun (and hence the location) can be determined from the rapid onset of energetic particles several days before the shock passage at Earth. The class 1 events originate from within 50 deg of central meridian. Class 3 events (10 decreases) can be attributed to less energetic ejections which are directed towards the Earth. In these events the ejecta is more important than the shock in causing a depression in the cosmic ray intensity. The remaining events (14 percent of the total) can be attributed to corotating streams which have ejecta material embedded in them.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Universities Space Research Association, Goddard Visiting Scientist Program for the Space and Earth Sciences Directorate; 26 p
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  • 2
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    Elemental abundances in corotating events (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Large, persistent solar-wind streams in 1973 and 1974 produced corotating interaction regions which accelerated particles to energies of a few MeV/nucleon. The proton to helium ratio (H/He) reported was remarkably constant at a value (22 + or - 5) equal to that in the solar wind (32 + or - 3), suggesting that particles were being accelerated directly out of the solar wind. Preliminary results from a similar study approximately 11 years (i.e., one solar cycle) later are reported. Corotating events were identified by surveying the solar wind data, energetic particle time-histories and anisotropies. This data was all obtained from the ISEE-3/ICE spacecraft. These events also show H/He ratios similar to that in the solar wind. In addition, other corotating events were examined at times when solar flare events could have injected particles into the corresponding corotating interaction regions. It was found that in these cases there is evidence for H/He ratios which are significantly different from that of the solar wind but which are consistent with the range of values found in solar flare events.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nineteenth International Cosmic Ray Conference. Conference Papers: Invited Rapporteur, Highlight, Miscellaneous, Volume 9; 2 p
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  • 3
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    The Rapidly Moving Telescope: an Instrument for the Precise Study of Optical Transients (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: The development of a small telescope with a very rapid pointing capability is described whose purpose is to search for and study fast optical transients that may be associated with gamma-ray bursts and other phenomena. The primary motivation for this search is the discovery of the existence of a transient optical event from the known location of a gamma-ray bursts. The telescope has the capability of rapidly acquiring any target in the night sky within 0.7 second and locating the object's position with + or - 1 arcsec accuracy. The initial detection of the event is accomplished by the MIT explosive transient camera or ETC. This provides rough pointing coordinates to the RMT on the average within approximately 1 second after the detection of the event.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: Goddard Space Flight Center Contrib. to the Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz Summer Workshop on High Energy Transients; 7 p
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  • 4
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    The charge spectra of solar cosmic rays (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An approach to measuring charged spectra of solar cosmic rays is considered. These observations were made by a telescope on the IMP 6 satellite. The charge range was extended beyond charge 2 up to charge 26, and the energy range was extended to lower energies. The experiment preferentially selects rare events above charge 2 and gives them top priority for telemetry readout, thus breaking the monopoly that protons and helium nuclei otherwise would have on the telemetry. This effectively increases the number of nuclei observed above charge 2 by a factor of several hundred.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1971; p 126-130
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  • 5
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    The Roles of Flares and Shocks in determining SEP Abundances (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: We examine solar energetic particle (SEP) event-averaged abundances of Fe relative to O and intensity versus time profiles at energies above 25 MeV/nucleon using the SIS instrument on ACE. These data are compared with solar wind conditions during each event and with estimates of the strength of the associated shock based on average travel times to 1 AU. We find that the majority of events with an Fe to 0 abundance ratio greater than two times the average 5-12 MeV/nuc value for large SEP events (0.134) occur in the western hemisphere. Furthermore, in most of these Fe-rich events the profiles peak within 12 hours of the associated flare, suggesting that some of the observed interplanetary particles are accelerated in these flares. The vast majority of events with Fe/O below 0.134 are influenced by interplanetary shock acceleration. We suggest that variations in elemental composition in SEP events mainly arise from the combination of flare particles and shock acceleration of these particles and/or the ambient medium.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: (ISSN 0148-0227)
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  • 6
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    Solar flare nuclear gamma rays and interplanetary proton events (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We compared flare gamma ray line (GRL) events and solar energetic proton (SEP) events for the period from Feb. 1980 - Jan. 1985 and substantiated earlier results showing a lack of correlation between gamma-ray-producing ions and interplanetary protons. This poor correlation results primarily from several large SEP events that originated in flares without detectable gamma ray emission. The converse case of GRL events unassociated with SEP events is rare. We present evidence which suggests that the ratio of trapped to escaping protons in GRL/SEP flares depends on the spatial scale size of the flare. We affirm the result of Bai and Dennis (1985) that GRL flares are generally accompanied (75 percent) by metric Type 2 bursts.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: SESSION-SH-2.2-2 , Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics Contributions to the 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference; 4 p
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  • 7
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    The heavy ion compositional signature in 3He-rich solar particle events (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A survey of the approx. 1 MeV/nucleon heavy ion abundances in 66 He3-rich solar particle events was performed using the Max-Planck-Institut/University of Maryland and Goddard Space Flight Center instruments on the ISEE-3 spacecraft. The observations were carried out in interplanetary space over the period 1978 October through 1982 June. Earlier observations were confirmed which show an enrichment of heavy ions in HE3-rich events, relative to the average solar energetic particle composition in large particle events. For the survey near 1.5 MeV/nucleon the enrichments compared to large solar particle events are approximately He4:C:O:Ne:Mg:Si:Fe = 0.44:0.66:1.:3.4:3.5:4.1:9.6. Surprising new results emerging from the present broad survey are that the heavy ion enrichment pattern is the same within a factor of approx. 2 for almost all cases, and the degree of heavy ion enrichment is uncorrelated with the He3 enrichment. Overall, the features established appear to be best explained by an acceleration mechanism in which the He3 enrichment process is not responsible for the heavy ion enrichment, but rather the heavy ion enrichment is a measure of the ambient coronal composition at the sites where the He3-rich events occur.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-177831 , NAS 1.26:177831 , PP-86-59
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  • 8
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    Solar proton, helium, and medium nuclei (Z is equal to or greater than 6 and equal to or less than 9) observed from the IMP-6 satellite (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Proton, helium, and medium nuclei energy spectra have been measured from the Explorer 35 satellite for a recent solar flare. Above 2 MeV/nucleon these spectra are based upon single and dual parameter pulse height analysis in addition to threshold rate counting. Pulse height analysis of medium nuclei is assigned a high priority for telemetry readout so that telemetry does not become saturated by the high proton intensity. In this manner the number of pulse height analyzed medium nuclei has been increased by a factor of approximately 200. Individual medium nuclei have been resolved in the energy interval 8 - 23 MeV/nucleon.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Goddard Space Flight Center Contrib. to the Twelfth Intern. Conf. on Cosmic Rays; p 59-64
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  • 9
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    The reappearance of the anomalous oxygen component at 1 AU (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The anomalous oxygen component was observed to reappear at the ICE spacecraft at 1 AU in the period 1 Mar. - 1 May 1986. The prediction of a strong decrease in intensity of the anomalous component in alternate solar cycles is not borne out. The observations suggest that the anomalous component is singly charged in accordance with the predictions of Fisk et al.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: SESSION-SH-6.4-10 , Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics Contributions to the 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference; 4 p
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  • 10
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    On the sources of solar energetic particles (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We have examined the time histories of energetic (greater than 1 MeV) particles as detected by instruments in the earth's neighborhood over an 18 year period commencing mid-1967. The majority (greater than 75 percent) of the events extending to proton energies above 20 MeV have their origins in a flare event which includes H-alpha emission, soft x rays, and metric radio bursts of Type 2 and/or Type 4. We have assembled a list of 241 events for which the sources are thus well identified. Two further particle increases have been associated with nonflare events. Of the 82 events originating in regions to the east of central meridian, the sources of 68 (83 percent) were sufficiently energetic that they also generated interplanetary shocks detected at earth. We suggest that shocks are responsible for particles being detectable from source regions not magnetically connected to earth.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: SESSION-SH-4.2-6 , Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics Contributions to the 20th International Cosmic Ray Conference; 3 p
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