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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The present study is focused on the development of a gas sensor for application in a high temperature environment. The sensor has been realised using thin films prepared on silicon substrates including a high temperature stable heating and wiring system. TiO2 acts as sensitive layer. Measurements have been carried out in synthetic gas mixtures as well as in gases in a given application. Neural networks and multivariate data analysis have been used for determining the gas concentrations. The capability to detect CO, NO x , and toluene is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 366 (2000), S. 781-791 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrazine reagents are a well-known group of derivatizing agents for the determination of aldehydes and ketones in liquid and gaseous samples. Within this article, the most important hydrazine reagents are critically summarized, and their major applications in different fields, including environmental analysis, food chemistry and industrial analysis are introduced. As 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is the basic reagent for several international standard procedures, its properties are discussed in detail. Particular focus is directed on the chemistry of the hydrazine reagents, and chemical interferences are considered. Recent methods for the determination of various oxidants using hydrazine reagents are presented as well. Due to limited space, this review does not cover the related field of carbohydrate analysis, although many chemical aspects are similar.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Electro-ultrafiltration ; Soil N ; Aminoacid N ; Hydrolysable N ; Extractable organic N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Extraction of synthetic amino acids dissolved in water by means of electro-ultrafiltration (EUF) showed average recovery rates of about 75%. Higher losses were obtained, particularly with cysteine, methionine and NH4 4; the latter, probably being deprotonated at the cathode, may be lost in form of NH3. The EUF extracts of three arable and two forest soils were investigated for their N compounds. In the arable soils only about 3% of the total organic N extracted by EUF was free amino acids; about 23%–55% consisted of amino N (hydrolysable N) and the rest was non-hydrolysable N. The two forest soils contained higher amounts of EUF-extractable organic N compared with the arable soils. In the two forest soils the content of free amino-acid N amounted to 8% and 11% of the EUF organic N, and the proportion of hydrolysable N from total EUF-organic N was 41% and 46%. It is suggested that the amino-acid N and the hydrolysable N can be easily mineralized.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 5802-5815 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We study the Johari–Goldstein β process of organic glass formers by one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In particular, we compare systems with pronounced secondary relaxation in dielectric spectroscopy, namely toluene-d5 and polybutadiene-d6 (PB), with compounds which do not exhibit a distinct β peak, i.e., glycerol-d5 and polystyrene-d3 (PS). Choosing large interpulse delays in the applied echo pulse sequences we increase the sensitivity on small angle rotational jumps. This way, we are able to probe clearly the β process of toluene and PB in the line shape of 1D 2H NMR spectra and in the orientational correlation functions of 2D 2H NMR in time domain which is not possible when using the conventional techniques. Below the glass transition temperature Tg, the secondary relaxation of both glass formers is caused by a highly restricted reorientation of essentially all molecules. Comparing our results with simulations we estimate that the reorientation of most toluene molecules and PB monomeric units is characterized by an amplitude χ〈10°. This amplitude is approximately unchanged below Tg, but strongly increases above the glass transition. Closer investigating the 1D 2H NMR line shape for large interpulse delays we moreover demonstrate that the reorientation involved in the β process takes place step-by-step via many elementary rotational jumps. On the other hand, for glycerol and PS, hardly any effects are observed in 1D and 2D 2H NMR experiments below Tg when applying comparable experimental parameters. We conclude that reorientations with an amplitude χ〉1° do not occur on a time scale of μs−ms for the majority of molecules in glassy glycerol and PS. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 10883-10891 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Applying random walk simulations we analyze results of one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments carried out to study the slow β process of toluene-d5 below the glass transition temperature Tg. In this way, we reveal amplitude and mechanism of rotational jumps involved in the secondary relaxation of a rigid molecule. It is shown that essentially all toluene molecules take part in the β-process. In the glass, nearly independent of temperature, the attributed reorientation is restricted to small solid angles of typically 4°–5° for the majority of particles. Only 10%–20% of the molecules exhibit amplitudes χ〉10°. Concerning the mechanism of this highly restricted motion we demonstrate that the reorientation takes place step-by-step via several elementary rotational jumps one after the other. Assuming thermally activated jumps within energy landscapes which are, first, attributed to a small section of the unit sphere for each respective molecule and, second, chosen in accordance with the distribution of energy barriers g(Eβ) found in dielectric spectroscopy we succeed in reproducing the results of 1D and 2D 2H NMR experiments on toluene below Tg. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 34 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The complete sequence of the plasmid pHly152-encoded hemolysin (hly) determinant of Escherichia coli is presented and compared with a recently sequenced chromosomal hly determinant [1]. High sequence homology between the two hly determinants is observed withìn all four structural genes, hlyC, A, B and D, but little sequence similarities are found in the 3′- and 5′-noncoding flanking regions. In addition, the noncoding region upstream of hlyC which carries the promoter for hlyC, A and B, was sequenced for several chromosomal hly determinants. The comparison of these sequences indicates three distinct classes of promoter regions which share common putative −10 and −35 boxes at roughly the same location relative to the start of hlyC.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 978 (1989), S. 223-230 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Hydrophobic ion ; Planar lipid bilayer ; Wave guide spectroscopy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1152 (1993), S. 146-154 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Bovine brain) ; ATPase, ecto- ; Ectonucleotidase ; Nucleotidase ; Purine nucleotide ; Synaptosome
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: ELISA ; Recombinant DNA: mgl promoter ; alveolar ecchinococcosis ; catabolite repression ; fusion protein ; galactose-binding protein ; immunodiagnosis ; parasite antigen ; periplasm ; phage λ vectors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 65 (1992), S. 95-110 
    ISSN: 1010-6030
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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