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  • 1
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    Up-Regulation of Rho/ROCK Signaling in Sarcoma Cells Drives Invasion and Increased Generation of Protrusive Forces (2008)
    In:  EPIC3Molecular Cancer Research 6, pp. 1410-1420, ISSN: 1541-7786
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Tumor cell invasion is the most critical step of metastasis. Determination of the mode of invasion within the particular tumor is critical for effective cancer treatment. Protease-independent amoeboid mode of invasion has been described in carcinoma cells and more recently in sarcoma cells on treatment with protease inhibitors. To analyze invasive behavior, we compared highly metastatic sarcoma cells with parental nonmetastatic cells. The metastatic cells exhibited a functional up-regulation of Rho/ROCK signaling and, similarly to carcinoma cells, an amoeboid mode of invasion. Using confocal and traction force microscopy, we showed that an up-regulation of Rho/ROCK signaling leads to increased cytoskeletal dynamics, myosin light chain localization, and increased tractions at the leading edge of the cells and that all of these contributed to increased cell invasiveness in a three-dimensional collagen matrix. We conclude that cells of mesenchymal origin can use the amoeboid nonmesenchymal mode of invasion as their primary invading mechanism and show the dependence of ROCK-mediated amoeboid mode of invasion on the increased capacity of cells to generate force. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(9):141020)
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of direct-viewing comparative analysis of tumour cell motility in vitro; effect of pH and adhesion on cells of different malignancy (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental biology online 3 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-3418
    Keywords: Motility assay ; Stress conditions ; Tumour cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel method for the comparative analysis of cell motility by direct viewing was developed and used in a preliminary study of sarcoma cells. Three cell lines from the RPS family of sarcomas in inbred LEW/CUB rats which differ in the incidence of spontaneous metastasis were studied. A system of four different culture conditions, designed to mimic the stress within the tumour, was created by changing and combining two variables: the pH of the medium (with 2% calf serum only), which was either physiological at 7.4 or 6.6; and the adhesiveness of the culture substratum, which was either at a standard level or decreased. It was found that changing the pH from 7.4 to 6.6 in a single step slowed the cells down, and also changed the way in which they moved, from «walking« in random directions to moving in a more directional way. Making the culture surface less adhesive sped up cell locomotion. Decreasing the adhesiveness of the culture substratum and the pH simultaneously stimulated the migration of highly metastasizing cells preferentially. Thus we have found a way to distinguish between highly metastasizing A297Nb sarcoma cells and poorly metastasizing T15 and non-metastasizing K2 sarcoma cells, a distinction that could not be made by a simple examination of the cells. It is concluded that a comparison of cell motility by directly viewing the cells under different conditions may be useful when investigating the in vitro motility properties of malignant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00898-998-0008-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of cells in culture
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 71 (1972), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(72)90299-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virogenic lines of RSV-transformed rat cells (1967)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 754-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Il virus del sarcoma di Rous (RSV), ceppo Praga, transforma le cellule di ratto mantenute in vitro: le cellule così transformate, dopo selezione clonale contengono il genoma virale, non risultante però da reinfezione. Tutte le cellule dei cloni transformati dal RSV hanno caratteristiche morfologiche di malignità. Inoltre dalle cellule transformate non si riottengono cellule con le caratteristiche morfologiche proprie delle cellule normali. Le cellule di ratto transformate dal RSV sono utili per lo studio dell'interazione virogenica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02154157
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pea phytohemagglutinin selective agglutination of tumour cells (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1085-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Phytohaemagglutinin, aus der ErbsePisum sativum L. isoliert, agglutiniert vornehmlich Tumorzellen, ähnlich wie Concanavalin A. Die durch RNS-onkogene Viren transformierten sowie spontan transformierten Zellen befolgen während der Agglutination das normale Muster der Tumorzellen-Interaktion mit Concanavalin A oder Weizenkeim-Agglutinin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01918689
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiarities of mechanical response of heavily filled polypropylene composites (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 4878-4882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A concentration dependence of a dynamic storage E′ c modulus was investigated for polypropylene filled with microfibrous magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2. The non-monotonous shape of E against filler volume fraction dependence was explained as a consequence of the filler agglomeration. A simple stochastical model for the dependence of an agglomerate size on the filler volume fraction was developed. A qualitative agreement was obtained between experimental data and proposed theory. A critical filler volume fraction, when an “infinite” agglomerate origins, was determined from the model as well as from percolation conception to be around v f crit = 0.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549864
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiarities of mechanical response of heavily filled polypropylene composites (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 4883-4887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Temperature dependences of dynamic moduli of polypropylene filled with flame retardant Mg(OH)2 or with CaCO3 were investigated. The filler content varied from O to 50 vol% and both storage (G′) and loss (G″) shear moduli were measured from + 50 to + 300 °C at frequencies 1 and 90 Hz. The influence of the filler particle shape was dominant for the origin of the physical network. Chemical adhesion aid was superfluous in composites with subcritical particle size. Two step decrease of G′ and two peaks on G″ temperature dependences were observed above the critical filler concentration. The explanation of this phenomenon was based on the proposal that polypropylene immobilized on the filler surface creates a new continuous phase, while primary polypropylene exists only in separated domains. Destruction of the physical network was explained using results of thermoanalysis, providing the catalytic effect of Mg(OH)2 on the thermal oxidation of polypropylene in the interlayer above 240 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549865
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some peculiarities in viscoelastic response of heavily filled polypropylene composites (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1988), S. 1377-1378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00719989
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin cytoskeleton and motility in rat sarcoma cell populations with different metastatic potential (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28 (1994), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin structures ; vinculin ; focal contacts ; spontaneous metastasis ; extracellular pH ; cell motility ; malignancy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in three related rat sarcoma cell populations of differing malignancy. They were derived by neoplastic progression from a population which had transformed spontaneously in vitro, and were distinguished by their ability to give rise to reproducibly different numbers of metastases, ranging from 10% to 80% of the animals inoculated. We found characteristic differences in the arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Confocal three-dimensional microscopy showed that nearly all of the least malignant population contained conspicuous actin stress fibres lying in the lower part of the cell parallel to the substratum and no other actin structures. Actin in the intermediate population was typically situated in a diffuse layer underlying the whole plasma membrane, in which no fibres could be seen. Two thirds of the most malignant population consisted of more rounded cells filled with a three-dimensional network of fine oblique actin fibres. There were focal contacts in all these cells; their area showed a regular decrease from 1.3 μm2 to 0.4 μm2. The differences in actin distribution were accompanied by differences in motility, which increased as malignancy increased. When individual cells were fixed after they had been tracked by time-lapse, their cytoskeleton type correlated with the speed at which they had moved. All these differences were enhanced at low pH. These findings point to the possibility that the three-dimensional network of fine actin fibres in acid culture could be a measure of the malignant potential of transformed cells in vitro. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970280103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subtraction scanning acoustic microscopy reveals motility domains in cells in vitro (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 29 (1994), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell motility ; scanning acoustic microscopy ; domains of motility ; mechanical properties of the cell ; neoplastic cells ; metastasis ; malignancy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) observes all mechanical properties of living cells. Subtraction of the SAM images (SubSAM) of live cells was developed as a method for investigating minimal changes in cellular topography and elasticity. The image formation in the SubSAM takes into account the motion of cell mass as well as the changes of tension. High spatial and temporal resolution of the SubSAM revealed the structure of motile processes that develops at increasing time intervals, thus allowing the arising complexity of motion to be registered and investigated. Independent spots of activity emerge on a quiescent background as motility domains; they may change position, divide, merge, or disappear after a long time interval. In addition, zones of quiescence were identified over central parts of cytoplasmic lamellae. Nonmalignant (Ep: tadpole epidermal cells, XTH2: endothelial cells from tadpole hearts, 3T3 cells) and neoplastic cells (K2 cells of rat fibrosarcoma, A870N cells selected from K2) were investigated with the SubSAM. Three types of domains of subcellular cytoplasmic motility were identified in time series of two-dimensional SubSAM images in normal and neoplastic cells. Of them only the wave-like domain is self-evident, being derived from ruffling and protruding activity at the cell margin. Two other domains wait for detailed analysis. The oscillating domain is a visualization of tension within the cell(s), and the nucleating domain indicates intracellular processes possibly preceding locomotion. Differences in motile domains were found between low K2 and high A870N metastatic cells. The dynamics of motility domains of the A870N cells resembled that of the highly motile Ep cells. Cell morphotype and motile activity of the A870N cells are significantly influenced by the pH of the medium. It became evident that identification of the otherwise invisible motile domains in living cells by SubSAM opens a new approach to a characterization of cell motility in vitro and to an understanding of early cellular reactions to various stimuli. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970290306
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