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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and stratification of bacteria and fungi in the organic layers of a scots pine forest soil (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Fungi ; Bacteria ; Nitrogen ; Scots pine ; Stratification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The abundance and micro-stratification of bacteria and fungi inhabiting the organic layers of a Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris L.) were investigated. An experiment using stratified litterbags, containing organic material of four degradation stages (fresh litter, litter, fragmented litter and humus) was performed over a period of 2.5 years. Dynamics and stratification of fluorescent stained bacteria and fungi, ratios between bacterial and fungal biomass, and relationships with moisture and temperature are described. Average bacterial counts in litter and fragmented litter were similar, i.e., approximately 5×109 bacteriag–1 (dry weight) organic matter, and significantly exceeded those in humus. The mean bacterial biomass ranged from 0.338 to 0.252mg carbon (C) g–1 (dry weight) organic matter. Lengths of mycelia were significantly below the usually recorded amounts for comparable temperate coniferous forests. The highest average hyphal length, 53mg–1 (dry weight) organic matter, was recorded in litter and decreased significantly with depth. The corresponding mean fungal biomass ranged from 0.050 to 0.009mg Cg–1 (dry weight). The abundance of bacteria and fungi was influenced by water content, that of fungi also by temperature. A litterbag series with freshly fallen litter of standard quality, renewed bimonthly, revealed a clear seasonal pattern with microbial biomass peaks in winter. The mean hyphal length was 104mg–1 (dry weight) and mean number of bacteria, 2.40×109 bacteria g–1 (dry weight). Comparable bacterial and fungal biomass C were found in the freshly fallen litter [0.154 and 0.132mgCg–1 (dry weight) organic material, respectively]. The ratio of bacterial-to-fungal biomass C increased from 1.2 in fresh litter to 28.0 in humus. The results indicate the existence of an environmental stress factor affecting the abundance of fungi in the second phase of decomposition. High atmospheric nitrogen deposition is discussed as a prime factor to explain low fungal biomass and the relatively short lengths of fungal hyphae in some of the forest soil layers under study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050382
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct contribution by soil arthropods to nutrient availability through body and faecal nutrient content (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Total nutrient concentrations ; Available nutrients ; Gut passage ; Animal biomass ; Collembolans ; Oribatid mites ; Mesofauna ; Tomocerus minor ; Philoscia muscorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The direct contribution made by soil arthropods to nutrient dynamics was investigated in pine forests that differed in soil nutrient status. Nutrient concentrations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, PO 4 3− , N, C) in the most abundant species and groups of arthropods in two Pinus nigra forests were compared, and distinct differences were found among taxonomic groups. In the rank order: collembolans, oribatides, isopods, diplopods, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations increased, while N and C concentrations decreased. The nutrient concentrations in individuals of the same species but originating from the different forests were similar, except for the isopod Philoscia muscorum. The total and available nutrient concentrations in food and faeces of the collembolan Tomocerus minor and the isopod Philoscia muscorum were compared. The isopod faeces contained relatively less K+ and Mg2+, and more Ca2+, PO 4 3− , and greater N availability, compared with the food material. The collembolan faeces showed a higher availability of all nutrients measured. The N species appeared to be changed by collembolans; their faeces contained high NO 3 − concentrations, while their food contained relatively high concentrations of NH 4 + . These findings were examined in relation to their significance for ecosystem functioning. It was concluded that about 12% of the total K+, PO 4 3− , N and 2% of the Ca2+ in the organic layer was found in the mesofauna. It was calculated that faeces production by the collembolans resulted in a 2.4 times higher NO 3 − availability in the forest floor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336253
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and indirect effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on soil biota, decomposition and nutrient fluxes in dune grassland soil systems (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 366-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Ultraviolet radiation ; Decomposition ; Nutrient leaching ; Soil biota ; Collembola
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Enhanced UV radiation did not show any effect on the decomposition of a mixed litter of the dune grassland plant species Calamagrostis epigeios and Carex arenaria. Also, leaching of nutrients from lysimeters filled with dune grassland soils was not affected by enhanced UV radiation. Negative UV effects on the fungal biomass in the first part of the experiment were later reversed into positive ones. Clear effects of both UV-A and UV-B were found on Collembola, both on total number of individuals and on the number of species. The decreased number of species under UV radiation could have been due to a decrease in UV-sensitive species. The role of pigmentation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003749900181
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five-year trends in soil arthropod densities in pine forests with various levels of vitality (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Forest decline ; Atmospheric deposition ; Soil microarthropod communities ; Mites ; Collembola ; Pinus sylvestris ; Indicator organisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A comparative field study was conducted to study the correlation between forest vitality and the abundance of soil microarthropods. During 5 years the vitality of six pine forests within the Veluwe area, the Netherlands, was estimated by the number of needle year-classes, while soils were sampled and extracted for various soil microarthropod groups. Within sites the number of needle year-classes in the forest stands fluctuated over the 5 years, while the collembolan family Sminthuridae showed a trend towards a decreasing population density and the density of the cryptostigmatid mite Platynothrus peltifer Koch increased. Among sites there was a significant positive correlation between the number of needle year-classes and the relative abundance of P. peltifer. The results imply that soil microarthropods may indicate changes in physical and chemical factors in relation to soil fertility and vitality of the trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361610
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological characteristics of a nitrogen-saturated coniferous forest in The Netherlands (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 258-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Decomposition ; Deposition ; Nitrogen ; saturation ; Pinus sylvestris ; Soil biota
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wekerom forest shows a high nitrogen (N) load, and the first signs of N saturation. This characterization is based on the high N content of the needles, the high nitrate-N (NO3-N) mobilization and low cation mobilization from the organic horizon. The N cycle in this forest has been transformed into an „open flow” system, in which the ammonium-N, deposited in large quantities from the atmosphere, is transformed into NO3-N, which is leached into the groundwater. Decomposition of deeper organic layers, such as the fragmented litter and humus layers, is thought to provide additional NH4-N, which explains the high NO3-N output. Together with a reduction in the number and vitality of the pine trees, there is an increase in the number of nitrophilous plants, such as Deschampsia flexuosa and Rumex acetosella. The ectomycorrhizal and litter-decaying fungi are specific, N-resistant species. Soil fauna are classified as common inhabitants of dry, acid, nutrient poor forests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050377
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitrogen deposition on animal-mediated nitrogen mobilization in coniferous litter (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen mobilization ; Nitrogen deposition ; Collembola ; Coniferous forest soil ; Tomocerus minor ; Autotrophic nitrifiers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In microcosm studies the organic layers of coniferous forest soils show high nitrate and low ammonium mobilization, in accord with the presence of high numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers. The fungivorous collembolan Tomocerus minor (Lubbock) increases ammonium mobilization, probably through its excretion products, and has an indirect effect on nitrate mobilization. An input of N seems to have a negative effect on the number of nitrifiers and on nitrate mobilization; a decrease in N mobilization in the presence of T. minor is probably due to stimulation of microbial growth, which has an immobilizing effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266488
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and stratification of functional groups of micro- and mesoarthropods in the organic layer of a Scots pine forest (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 268-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Collembola ; Acari ; Araneae ; Nitrogen ; Stratification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses the abundance, biomass and microstratification of functional groups of micro- and mesoarthropods inhabiting the organic layers of a Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris L.). An experiment using stratified litterbags, containing organic material of four degradation stages, i.e., freshly fallen litter, litter, fragmented litter and humus, was performed over a period of 2.5 years. Statistical data analysis revealed that each organic layer had a different, characteristic species composition that changed with time following successive degradation stages. Species of Acari, Araneae and Collembola were assigned to different functional groups based on taxonomy, microstratification, food type or feeding mode. The abundance and biomass carbon of functional groups were dependent on the organic layer and most functional groups showed a particular preference for one of the upper organic layers. Temporal and spatial differences in density and biomass carbon of functional groups could partly be related to fluctuations in the soil climate, although effects of trophic interactions could not be ruled out. A general decline in abundance and biomass, especially in populations of fungal feeders, during the last year of the study could not be explained by a reduction in litterbag volume, changed litter chemistry or soil climate, but was attributed to an indirect effect of a remarkable increase in soil coverage by wavy hair grass, Deschampsia flexuosa (L.). The analysis demonstrated that species diversity, microhabitat specification, soil fauna succession, and degradation stages of organic material are interrelated. The results obtained indicate that both the chemistry of organic matter and decomposition rates have an important effect on trophic relationships and community structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050378
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in natural and agroecosystems: the contribution of soil animals (1990)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 11 (1990), S. 175-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Agro-ecosystems ; decomposition ; management ; mineralization ; natural ecosystems ; soil fauna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The present article centres on the contribution of soil animals to organic. matter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in natural and agro-ecosystems. Criteria are presented for the categorisation of the soil fauna in functional groups in order to be able to quantify the contribution of the soil fauna. Three types of classifications: size, habitat and food, are discussed. For various natural ecosystems, such as prairies and forests, and for agro-ecosystems a rather similar outcome of the faunal contribution to nitrogen mobilization of approximately 30% appears to exist. This value is dependent on various types of interactions among functional groups, changes in population density of microorganisms and soil fauna, seasonally changing abiotic factors and management, such as fertilization, harvesting and addition of harvest residues to the soil. Finally, to improve management of ecosystems as related to soil faunal activity in decomposition, lines are set out for further research such as the development of dynamic models, studies concerning the effects of perturbation in relation to microbial dominance and the integration of the study of below-ground food webs with ecological theories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004496
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and function of the labial nephridia and the rectum of Orchesella cincta (L.) (Collembola) (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Podocytes ; Ultrafiltration-reabsorption ; Orchesella cincta ; Quantitative electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The collembolan Orchesella cincta possesses a well-developed coelomoduct kidney. The presence of podocytes in the wall of the sacculus and the fact that the epithelium of the nephridial tubule has the ultrastructural characteristics of resorbing cells, indicate that this is an “ultrafiltration-reabsorption” kidney. Apparently also the rectum is lined by a reabsorptive epithelium; the cells possess an extensive system of apical and basal infoldings. This view is sustained by the fact that the stereology of the apical channel system varies in animals kept under different moisture conditions. During the intermoult period, both organs are subject to strong morphological changes, which are obviously related to the feeding rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232007
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  • 10
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    Does water stress, nutrient limitation, or H-toxicity explain the differential stature among Heath Forest types in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia? (2012)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-02
    Print ISSN: 0168-2563
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-515X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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