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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 627-636 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si propone un modello sinergetico molto semplice nel quale due sottosistemi (a ciascuno dei quali è associato un parametro d'ordine) interagiscono, sotto l'azione dello stesso campo, mediante una retroazione incorciata: il parametro d'ordine di ciascun sottosistema modifica l'azione del campo esterno sull'altro sottosistema. Ciascun sottosistema, considerato isolatamente, ha una transizione di fase normale. Il sinergismo introduce delle caratteristiche assenti nei sottosistemi isolati: a seconda dei valori delle costanti di accoppiamento si possono avere transizioni con isteresi o transizioni rientranti. Il modello, applicato a due sistemi reali mediante una rozza forma di approssimazione di campo medio, risulta in buon accordo qualitativo con gli esperimenti. Il nostro approccio sinergetico mostra che isteresi e transizioni rientranti hanno un'origine comune: l'interazione fra due parametri d'ordine.
    Abstract: Реэюме Мы предлагаем очень простую синергетическю модельную систему, в которой две подсистемы (состояния каждой иэ них описывается с помощяю параметра порядка) вэаимодействуют, при воэдействии того же поля, череэ дерекрестную обратную свяэь: исходное поле для одной подсистемы свяэано с параметром порядка другой подсистемы. Каждая подсистема, рассмотренная отдельно, обнарчживает нормальный фаэовый переход. Фаэовая плоскость, иэмеряемая двумя параметрами свяэи, обнаруживает, по крайней мере, две соответствующие области, где поведение параметров порядка окаэывается количественно раэличным по сравнению с иэолированными подсистемами. Соответственно, синергиэм вводит новуе свойства, отсутствующие в иэолированных подсистемах: в эависимости от величины константы свяэи воэможны переходы с гистереэисом или «входящие» переходы. Рассматриваются два простых примера применения предложенной теории, испольэуя грубую форму приближения для среднего поля, и получается хорошее количественное согласие с экспериментом. Наш синергетический подход покаэывает, что гистереэис и «входящие» переходы имеют общее происхождение: вэаимосвяэь между двумя параметрами порядка.
    Notes: Summary We propose a very simple synergetic model system in which two subsystems (the state of each of them is described by an order parameter) acted upon by the same driving force interact via a crossed feedback: the input field to a subsystem is coupled to the order parameter of the other one. Each subsystem, if taken alone, exhibits a normal phase transition. The phase plane spanned by the two coupling parameters exhibits at least two relevant regions in which the behaviour of the order parameters is qualitatively different than in the isolated subsystems. The new features introduced by the synergism are, respectively, hysteresis and re-entrancy. We also make two simple examples of applications of the theory using a crude form of mean-field approximation and obtain a good qualitative agreement with experiment. Our synergetic approach shows that hysteresis and re-entrancy have a common origin: the interplay between two order parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Besides 5-hydroxytryptamine-storing EC cells, four types of endocrine non-EC cells have been identified in the dog intestinal mucosa: the S and D cells, mainly concentrated in the upper tracts of the small intestine, the L cell, concentrated in the lower tracts, and the I cell showing intermediate patterns between S and L cells. In immunofluorescence tests epithelial endocrine-like cells reacting to antisecretin sera were found in the duodenal mucosa. Only the S cell seems to exactly reproduce the distribution of secretin activity in different portions of gastrointestinal mucosa.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 20 (1969), S. 116-126 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A modification of MacConaill's lead-haematoxylin has been found to stain several endocrine cells producing polypeptides and monoamines, particularly A and D cells of the pancreatic islet, thyroid C cells, gastro-intestinal enterochromaffin cells, gastric G and X cells, pituitary ACTH and MSH cells, adrenal medullary cells, and chemoreceptive cells of the carotid body. A careful comparison of the results of this method with those of HCI-basic dye method and of monoamine methods suggested that carboxyl groups of proteins may be the main binding site of lead-haematoxylin. Experiments with various pretreatments of tissue sections support such a hypothesis. The possibility that biogenic amines take also some part in the staining cannot be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 22 (1993), S. 941-949 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Reversed AOT micelles ; refractive index ; percolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Refractive index measurements on water/AOT/n-heptane microemulsions as a function of the volume fraction ϕ of the dispersed phase (water plus AOT) and of the water/AOT molar ratio R have been performed at 25°C. The refractive index was found to vary monotonically with ϕ without any change in rate during the crossover of the percolation threshold. Such a behavior suggested that, well above the percolation threshold, the water-AOT-n-heptane microemulsions are still formed by water-containing AOT reversed micelles dispersed in the oil phase. The analysis of the experimental data allowed an evaluation the fraction of the water molecules bonded to the AOT head group as a function of R.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The following histological methods, previously proved to be useful in selective light microscopic detection of endocrine cells, were applied to the cat gastrointestinal mucosa: for the identification of biogenic amines, diazonium, ammoniacal silver and xanthydrol methods; for granules identification, methyl green-red acid dyes, toluidine blue, HCl-basic dye, lead-haematoxylin, phosphotungstic haematein and argyrophil methods. Results were compared with those of an extensive electron microscopic investigation. Five types of endocrine cells were identified in the gastric mucosa. Three types were found in the pyloric mucosa: the previously described 5-hydroxytryptamine-producing enterochromaffin cell, the gastrin producing G cell and a cell with an unknown function, labelled in this paper the X cell. Four types were found in the fundic mucosa: enterochromaffin cells (rarely observed), enterochromaffin-like cells secreting a 5-hydroxyindole but showing some ultrastructural and staining differences from true enterochromaffin cells (numerously present), A-like cells (few), resembling A cells of the pancreatic islets, and X cells, resembling those in the pyloric mucosa. In the intestinal mucosa, at least three endocrine cell types were distinguished in its duodenal part: enterochromaffin cells and two types of polypeptide-producing cells — some with smaller granules (S cells) and others with larger granules (L cells). Only two types were found in the mucosa of terminal ileum: enterochromaffin cells and numerously-occurring cells with large granules resembling in part duodenal L cells. The possibility of a relationship between S and L cells and the production respectively of the intestinal hormones secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin was discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 81 (1967), S. 474-486 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A type of endocrine-like cell displaying all morphological features of protein secreting cells, has been found in the antro-pyloric mucosa of the stomach of mammals. Light and electron microscopy observations provide a sharp distinction of this cell from the 5-hydroxytryptamine-storing enterochromaffin cell. Its possible involvement in the secretion of a protein or peptide hormone is discussed.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1967-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1969-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 1969-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-2222
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-119X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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