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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STMS markers for grain protein content and their validation using near-isogenic lines in bread wheat (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present study, undertaken as a continuation of an earlier study on quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of grain protein content (GPC) in bread wheat (Prasad et al. 1999), includes the following: (1) identification of an additional molecular marker associated with GPC; (2) development of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for high GPC; and (3) the use of three sets of NILs (a total of 10 NILs) to validate the two available markers linked with QTL for GPC. A total of 114 sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) primer pairs (that were not used in the previous study) were used for detection of polymorphism between the two parents (PH132, with high GPC; WL711, with low GPC) of a mapping population of 100 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). A total of 95 primer pairs gave amplification products, of which only 30 detected reproducible polymorphism between the parental genotypes. Bulked segregant analysis was conducted using these 30 primers on two bulks (each comprising eight RILs) representing the two extremes of the normal distribution. A solitary primer pair (WMC415) showed association with GPC, which was further confirmed through selective genotyping. Subsequently, 100 RILs were genotyped. A single-marker linear regression analysis showed significant association between the marker WMC415 and GPC, thus identifying a quantitative trait locus (designated as QGpcccsu-5A1), which explained 6.21% of the variation for GPC among the RILs. The above STMS marker, together with the STMS marker (WMC41) identified earlier, explains approximately 25% of the variation for GPC. In order to conduct validation of the above two available markers, 10 NILs were developed for high GPC using two genotypes (WL711 and HD2329) with low GPC as recipient parents and another two genotypes (PH132 and PH133) with high GPC as donor parents. NIL 2233 (with 11.7% GPC), derived from HD2329, when tried with WMC41 gave a characteristic amplification profile similar to that of its donor parent PH132, and NIL 2215 (with 11.9% GPC) derived from WL711, when tried with WMC415 gave an amplification profile that resembled its donor parent PH133. The remaining eight NILs with high GPC gave patterns similar to those of their corresponding recipient parents with both the markers, suggesting that either the QTL, other than those associated with the above markers, were actually transferred from the donor parents and contributed to high GPC in these NILs or that recombination had occurred between the markers identified and the corresponding QTL. Thus, the marker validation conducted using NILs, while demonstrating the utility of these two microsatellite markers for use in marker-assisted selection in plant breeding, also suggested that many more QTL exist that would need to be identified using closely linked molecular markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00618.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low level of polymorphism detected by SSR probes in bread wheat (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In-gel hybridization patterns were studied in a set of nine diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) genotypes using 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) probes in combination with 14 different restriction enzymes. Multilocus fingerprints due to SSR probes, shown earlier to be characteristic of a majority of plant genomes, were not obtained and only a very low level of polymorphism was detected when using as many as 142 probe-enzyme combinations. The hybridization of a prominent solitary high molecular weight fragment (〉 23 kb) with a number of SSR probes suggested the presence of these SSRs (microsatellites) within the long stretches of repeated DNA sequences. This indicates that the genome of bread wheat differs from that of other plants in the organization and distribution of SSRs and that SSR probes detect very little polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01476.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers and their applications in wheat breeding (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In recent years, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of molecular markers to be used for a variety of objectives. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers—restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), sequence-tagged sites (STS), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (STMS)—currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits in wheat. Other markers, including microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also discussed. Recent information on synteny in cereal genomes, marker-assisted selection, marker validation and their relevance to cereal breeding in general and wheat breeding in particular are also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00401.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microsatellite marker associated with a QTL for grain protein content on chromosome arm 2DL of bread wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Bread wheat ; Grain protein content ; Microsatellite ; STMS ; QTL analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This study was undertaken with a view to tag gene(s) controlling grain protein content (GPC) using molecular markers in bread wheat. For this purpose, the genotype PH132 with high protein content (13.5%) was crossed with genotype WL711 with significantly lower protein content (9.7%), and 100 RILs were derived. These RILs showed normal distribution for protein content. The parental genotypes were analysed with 232 STMS primer pairs for detection of polymorphism. Of these, 167 primer pairs gave scorable amplification products, and 57 detected polymorphism between the parents. Using each of these 57 primer pairs, we carried out bulked segregant analysis on RILs representing the two extremes of the distribution. One primer pair for the locus wmc41 showed association with protein content. This was further confirmed through selective genotyping. The co-segregation data on the molecular marker (wmc41) and protein content on 100 RILs was analysed by means of a single-marker linear regression approach. Significant regression suggested linkage between wmc41 and a QTL (designated as QGpc.ccsu-2D.) for protein content. The results showed that this marker-linked QTL accounted for 18.73% of the variation for protein content between the parents. The marker has been located on chromosome arm 2DL using nulli-tetrasomic lines and two ditelocentric stocks for chromosome 2D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051242
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a microsatellite on chromosomes 6B and a STS on 7D of bread wheat showing an association with preharvest sprouting tolerance (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 336-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Preharvest sprouting ; Microsatellite ; STMS ; STS ; Linkage ; Bread wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In bread wheat, the transfer of tolerance to preharvest sprouting (PHS) that is associated with genotypes having red kernel colour to genotypes with amber kernels is difficult using conventional methods of plant breeding. The study here was undertaken to identify DNA markers linked with tolerance to PHS as these would allow indirect marker-assisted selection of PHS-tolerant genotypes with amber kernels. For this purpose, a set of 100 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed using a cross between a PHS-tolerant genotype, SPR8198, with red kernels and a PHS-susceptible cultivar, ‘HD2329’, with white kernels. The two parents were analysed with 232 STMS (sequence-tagged microsatellite site) and 138 STS (sequence-tagged site) primer pairs. A total of 300 (167 STMSs and 133 STSs) primer pairs proved functional by giving scorable PCR products. Of these, 57 (34%) STMS and 30 (23%) STS primer pairs detected reproducible polymorphism between the parent genotypes. Using these primer pairs, we carried out bulked segregant analysis on two bulked DNAs, one obtained by pooling DNA from 5 PHS-tolerant RILs and the other similarly derived by pooling DNA from 5 PHS-susceptible RILs. Two molecular markers, 1 STMS primer pair for the locus wmc104 anda STS primer pair for the locus MST101, showed apparent linkage with tolerance to PHS. This was confirmed following selective genotyping of individual RILs included in the bulks. Chi-square contingency tests for independence were conducted on the cosegregation data collected on 100 RILs involving each of the two molecular markers (wmc104 and MST101) and PHS. The tests revealed a strong association between each of the markers and tolerance to PHS. Using nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, we were able to assign wmc104 and MST101 to chromosomes 6B and 7D, respectively. The results also indicated that the tolerance to PHS in SPR8198 is perhaps governed by two genes (linked with two molecular markers) exhibiting complementary interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051241
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of microsatellites for detecting DNA polymorphism, genotype identification and genetic diversity in wheat (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 584-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Microsatellite markers ; Wheat ; Genetic diversity ; Genotype identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A set of 20 wheat microsatellite markers was used with 55 elite wheat genotypes to examine their utility (1) in detecting DNA polymorphism, (2)in the identifying genotypes and (3) in estimating genetic diversity among wheat genotypes. The 55 elite genotypes of wheat used in this study originated in 29 countries representing six continents. A total of 155 alleles were detected at 21 loci using the above microsatellite primer pairs (only 1 primer amplified 2 loci; all other primers amplified 1 locus each). Of the 20 primers amplifying 21 loci, 17 primers and their corresponding 18 loci were assigned to 13 different chromosomes (6 chromosomes of the A genome, 5 chromosomes of the B genome and 2 chromosomes of the D genome). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 13, with an average of 7.4 alleles per locus. The values of average polymorphic information content (PIC) and the marker index (MI) for these markers were estimated to be 0.71 and 0.70, respectively. The (GT)n microsatellites were found to be the most polymorphic. The genetic similarity (GS) coefficient for all possible 1485 pairs of genotypes ranged from 0.05 to 0.88 with an average of 0.23. The dendrogram, prepared on the basis of similarity matrix using the UPGMA algorithm, delineated the above genotypes into two major clusters (I and II), each with two subclusters (Ia, Ib and IIa, IIb). One of these subclusters (Ib) consisted of a solitary genotype (E3111) from Portugal, so that it was unique and diverse with respect to all other genotypes belonging to cluster I and placed in subcluster Ia. Using a set of only 12 primer pairs, we were able to distinguish a maximum of 48 of the above 55 wheat genotypes. The results demonstrate the utility of microsatellite markers for detecting polymorphism leading to genotype identification and for estimating genetic diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050077
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of eight chromosomes and a microsatellite marker on 1AS associated with QTL for grain weight in bread wheat (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1290-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Bread wheat ; Grain weight ; Microsatellite ; Monosomic analysis ; QTL analysis ; STMS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The present study in bread wheat was undertaken, firstly, to identify chromosomes carrying QTLs controlling 1000 grain weight (GW) and, secondly, to develop molecular marker(s) linked with this trait. Using the genotype Rye Selection111 (RS111), we carried out a monosomic analysis that suggested that 8 chromosomes (1A, 1D, 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7A and 7D) carried QTLs controlling GW, with only 3 of these (1A, 2B, 7A) carrying alleles for high GW. To tag the QTLs present on these chromosomes, we crossed the genotype RS111 with high GW (56.83 g) with the genotype Chinese Spring (CS) with low GW (23.74 g) and obtained 100 RILs. These RILs showed normal distribution for GW. The parental genotypes were analysed with as many as 346 STMS primer pairs for detection of polymorphism. Of these, 267 primer pairs gave scorable amplification products, 63 of which detected polymorphism between the parents. Using each of these 63 primer pairs, we carried out bulked segregant analysis on RILs representing two extremes of the distribution. One primer pair (WMC333) showed an association of the marker locus Xwmc333 with grain weight. This was confirmed through selective genotyping, and the co-segregation data on molecular marker locus Xwmc333 and GW were analysed following a single marker linear regression approach. Significant regression suggested linkage between Xwmc333 and a QTL for GW. The results showed that the above QTL accounted for 15.09% of the variation for GW between the parents. The marker has been located on chromosome arm 1AS, and QTL was designated QGw1.ccsu-1A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051437
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of the honeydew excreted by the lac insect, Kerria lacca (Homoptera: Coccoidea). I. Free amino acids (1966)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 9 (1966), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Honigtau der begatteten weiblichen Lackschildlaus Kerria lacca (Kerr) wurde mit Hilfe zweidimensionaler Papierchromatographie auf Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren untersucht. Es wurden 17 freie Aminosäuren nachgewiesen: Asparaginsäure, Asparagin, Arginin, α-und β-Alanin, Glycin, Glutaminsäure, Histidin, Lysin, Leucin und (oder) Isoleucin, Methionin, Prolin, Serin, Threonin, Tyrosin, Valin und wahrscheinlich Homoserin. Außerdem erscheint ein nicht identifizierter Fleck (mit Rf-Wert 0,69 in Phenolwasser) etwas oberhalb des Methionins. Proteine und Peptide fehlten. Der Pflanzensaft von Moghania macrophylla (Willd.) O. Ktze., auf dem die Insekten gehalten wurden, enthielt vergleichsweise weniger Aminosäuren.
    Notes: Abstract Honeydew of the lac insect, Kerria lacca is a clear watery fluid. By means of paper partition chromatography seventeen free amino acids and amides, viz., aspartic acid, asparagine, arginine, alpha and beta alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, leucine and or isoleucine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine and possibly homoserine were identified in the honeydew of the mature female lac insect. The plant sap of Moghania macrophylla on which the insects were reared contained comparatively fewer amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334073
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation characteristics of highly elliptical core optical waveguides: a perturbation approach (1984)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 16 (1984), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple first-order perturbation approach to study the propagation characteristics of highly elliptical core waveguides is presented. The unperturbed index profile is taken to be a pseudo-rectangular core waveguide for which exact scalar wave modes are known. The method is used to obtain the various propagation characteristics of elliptical core, single mode waveguides. Results for various propagation characteristics obtained by the present analysis agree very well with those reported by other authors obtained by accurate numerical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620076
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  • 10
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    Recent history of artificial outcrossing facilitates whole-genome association mapping in elite inbred crop varieties (2006)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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