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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 4699-4704 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transport of small molecules through a polymer membrane is modeled using the computer simulation technique of molecular dynamics (MD). The transport coefficient is derived from a combination of the excess free energy and the diffusion constant. Both properties are derived from MD simulations, applied to helium and methane in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The diffusional process appears to have the character of a jump diffusion for methane and less so for helium. Jumps are allowed by fluctuations of the size and shape of holes. Experimental diffusion constants are well reproduced. The excess free energies, determined by a particle insertion method, are lower by 5–7 kJ/mol than experimental values. It is shown that, as a result of a higher solubility, methane has a higher permeability constant than helium, despite its lower diffusion constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 27 (1988), S. 5389-5395 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 6692-6699 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations of the extended simple point charge (SPC/E) model of liquid water (both H2O and D2O) have been performed in order to find the temperature at which the maximum liquid density is obtained. For comparison, purely classical SPC and SPC/E water have also been simulated over long periods (more than 200 ps). Structural properties and various temperature dependent quantities are reported. Special attention has been given to the fluctuations of pressure and volume in simulations run in the canonical (constant NVT) and isothermal–isobaric (constant NPT) ensembles, respectively. Although a density maximum is detected by monitoring energy–volume correlations as a function of temperature, the large statistical uncertainty in the correlations reduces the significance of this finding. The main conclusions of this work are threefold. First, the use of the energy–volume correlation moment to determine the density maximum appears to be a useful method, although a number of very long simulations of between 0.5–1.0 ns over a fairly wide temperature range are necessary to obtain accurate results. Second, neither the SPC nor the SPC/E water models are able to reproduce the density of cold water accurately. Finally, a quantum mechanical treatment of the water model is necessary to correctly represent the structure, energy, and fluctuations of the condensed phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 21 (1982), S. 2259-2274 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 15 (1982), S. 1528-1544 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 115 (1993), S. 4764-4768 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 22 (1989), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The method of crystallographic refinement using molecular dynamics [Brünger, Kuriyan & Karplus (1987). Science, 235, 458–460] has been implemented to work with the GROMOS simulation package. It has been tested by applying it to the structure of phospholipase A2. The structure of this molecule had previously been refined at high resolution with conventional methods. The new method successfully refined the initial multi-isomorphous replacement structure, removing most of the errors, without any manual intervention. All the refinement was performed at 300 K. The use of lower-resolution data allows greater conformational transitions to occur whereas the inclusion of high-resolution data results in a more accurate structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 293 (1981), S. 677-678 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The protein used, bovine pancreatic trysin inhibitor (PTI), consists of 454 heavy atoms. (In the calculations, the hydrogen atoms were incorporated in the heavy atoms to which they are bound.) There are also four internally hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The empirical potential function (see refs ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A cyclic peptide analogue of somatostatin, including the o-aminomethylphenylacetic acid spacer, was studied by the combined use of two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, distance geometry, and restrained molecular dynamics. Analysis of distances determined from nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) buildup rates revealed that these were inconsistent with a unique backbone conformation near the spacer. Assuming that the conformational heterogeneity is localized to the spacer, the NOE distances measured for the remaining part of the molecule were used to generate a large number of structures with the distance geometry algorithm, which were then refined by restrained energy minimization. Four classes of structures emerged, which together account for all observed NOEs. A representative structure of each class was further refined with the restrained molecular dynamics technique, and shown to be stable on a 20-ps time scale. The flexibility of the spacer was examined by simulating interconversions induced by an appropriate restraining potential. As a result, the explanation for the lack of somatostatin activity of the analogue studied was reconsidered.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dependence of the conformation of cyclosporin A (CPA), a cyclic undecapeptide with potent immunosuppressive activity, on the type of solvent environment is examined using the computer simulation method of molecular dynamics (MD). Conformational and dynamic properties of CPA in aqueous solution are obtained from MD simulations of a CPA molecule dissolved in a box with water molecules. Corresponding properties of CPA in apolar solution are obtained from MD simulation of CPA in a box with carbontetrachloride. The Results of these simulations in H2O and in CCl4 are compared to each other and to those of previous simulations of crystalline CPA and of an isolated CPA molecule.The conformation of the backbone of the cyclic polypeptide is basically independent of the type of solvent. In aqueous solution the β-pleated sheet is slightly weaker and the γ-turn is a bit less pronounced than in apolar solution. Side chains may adopt different conformations in different solvents. In apolar solution the hydrophobic side chain of the MeBmt residue is in an extended conformation with its hydroxyl group hydrogen bonded to the backbone carbonyl group. In aqueous solution this hydrophobic side chain folds over the core of the molecule and the mentioned hydrogen bond is broken in favor of hydrogen bonding to water molecules. The conformation obtained from the MD simulation in CCl4 nicely agrees with experimental atom-atom distance data as obtained from nmr experiments in chloroform. In aqueous solution the relaxation of atomic motion tends to be slower than in apolar solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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