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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Intensive Approach to Atlantic Halibut Fry Production (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The larval stage is regarded to be the main bottleneck of halibut production. Halibut eggs were obtained from captive broodstock both by stripping and by natural spawning. Artificial photoperiods were used to increase the total spawning season. Yolk sac larvae are presently produced either in small stagnant units or in large flow through systems. A major consideration is to avoid stress of the larvae, caused by mechanical disturbances of the larvae and by high bacterial load or high ammonia levels in the water.The experiments showed that halibut larvae began to ingest algae earlier than rotifers Brachionus sp. Supplementation of algae to first feeding tanks resulted in enhanced survival and growth rate of the larvae. Both rotifers and Artemia can be enriched with very high levels of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). Enriched live feed, containing high levels of n-3 HUFA and total lipids, enhanced both survival and growth of the halibut larvae. The highest growth rates were obtained with wild zooplankton and addition of algae, but enriched cultivated feed combined with algae resulted in growth of the same magnitude as with wild zooplankton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1993.tb00016.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is phosphorus limitation of planktonic heterotrophic bacteria and accumulation of degradable DOC a normal phenomenon in phosphorus-limited systems? A microcosm study (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 46 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A dual isotope labelling technique was used to follow the distribution of carbon and phosphorus in plankton microcosms containing autotrophs (Tetraselmis sp.), heterotrophic bacteria and herbivores (Brachionus plicatilis) at eight different total-P concentrations. P:C ratios of algae, bacteria and dissolved matter, as well as the general accumulation of degradable dissolved organic carbon, indicated that both the autotrophs and heterotrophic bacteria were P-limited in all microcosms. According to the theory, such coexistence should only be possible if bacteria have higher predation losses than algae, which was definitely not the case in our experiment. However, data are consistent with the assumption that bacteria are superior in P uptake but have a poor ability to retain acquired P, which would promote coexistence in a patchy P-supply environment resulting from nutrient regeneration by metazoan grazers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00195-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization of the gut in first feeding turbot by bacterial strains added to the water or bioencapsulated in rotifers (2000)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 8 (2000), S. 367-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: ELISA ; gut colonization ; immunocolony blot ; probiotic ; rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) ; turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two bacterial strains, 4:44 and PB52, isolated from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) were used during a first feedingexperiment with turbot larvae. Bacteria were either added directly tothe water on the day of hatching of the larvae (day 0), orbioencapsulated in rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) distributedon day 2 after hatching. The two bacterial strains were found to bepresent in the water of the rearing tanks throughout the experiment. Theaddition of bacteria influenced the species-composition of themicroflora associated with intensively produced rotifers added to thetanks, and resulted in colonization of the gut of the larvae by theadded bacterial strains. The strain 4:44 showed a peak on day 9 afterhatching, and reached a mean(sem) of 2.5(1.4) × 104bacteria per larva, when added in a mixture with PB52, and 0.4(0.1)× 104 bacteria per larva, when added alone. The strainPB52, on day 12 after hatching, reached 5.2(1.5) × 104bacteria per larva when added in a mixture with strain 4:44, and12.5(0.7) × 104 bacteria per larva, when added alone.The added bacteria colonized the gut turbot larvae, whereas thebacterial land, the survival and growth of the larvae were in most casesnot influenced in a negative way by the addition of bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009251531832
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of n-3 fatty acids in Brachionus plicatilis and changes in the food supply (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 186-187 (1989), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; live feed ; enrichment ; n-3 fatty acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Moderately starved rotifers exhibited a two-phased increase in n-3 fatty acids when they were fed a diet rich in these fatty acids. The first 20–30 min of enrichment, the increase in n-3 fatty acids was primarily due to increased gut content. The subsequent slow increase was due to an incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into rotifers tissues. Saturation was achieved before 24 h of exposure and the saturation level was independent of the initial content of n-3 fatty acids in the rotifers. Starvation and limited feeding of the enriched rotifers for additional 4–8 h at 10–20 °C did not affect the accumulated fatty acids significantly. This was found for rotifers with high and low initial content of n-3 fatty acids. The n-3 fatty acids were assimilated with high efficiency from the feed and were not metabolized faster than other groups of fatty acids. Enriched rotifers retained their nutritional value for a sufficient period after enrichment to serve well as live feed for marine fish larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048939
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size dependent feeding by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; grazing ; selection ; bacteria ; microbial loop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Size selective feeding by Brachionus plicatilis was investigated with algae and bacteria (0.3–3.5 µm) and mono-disperse latex beads (0.3–3.0 µm) in short term feeding experiments. B. plicatilis demonstrated maximum clearance rate of particles with diameter ≥2µm, but particles with diameter down to 0.3 µm were also ingested. The clearance rate of bacteria was 15–55% of that obtained for optimal sized particles (≥2 µm), and was related to particle size. The relative reduction in retention of particles with diameter 〈 2 µm was more pronounced for latex beads than for natural food particles, suggesting other mechanisms than size to be important for the particle retention by the rotifer. This is emphasized by the fact that the clearance rates were much lower for latex beads than for natural food particles of comparable size. Efficient retention of bacteria was observed for rotifers in poor physiological condition, i.e. rotifers with low maximum clearance rate. This may reflect a strategy to optimize energy utilization by reducing locomotion costs and increasing energy intake. The results indicate that B. plicatilis has a low to medium ability to feed on bacteria. In natural ecosystems, its importance as a bacterial grazer is of limited importance. At high population densities, such as in live feed cultures, the rotifer may, however, efficiently remove bacteria from the culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025847
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the bacterial flora of mass cultivated Brachionus plicatilis (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; mass cultivation ; bacterial flora ; live food
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial density and composition in association of mass cultivated rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis, SINTEF-strain) was investigated, during experimental conditions identical to the procedures used for preparing rotifers as live food for marine cold water fish larvae. These procedures include cultivation, enrichment with squid meal and acclimation to low temperature by storage of the rotifer culture at 6 °C. Large variations were observed in the number of rotifer associated (1.8–7.6 · 103 colony forming units per rotifer−1) and free-living (0.6–25 107 cells·ml−1) bacteria. An increase of 50–150% in the bacterial number was normally observed after feeding the rotifer with squid meal, but after three days of acclimation at 6 °C, the bacterial numbers decreased to the initial level. After enrichment of the cultures with squid meal, the similarity in the composition of the bacterial flora between the rotifers and water was reduced. However, acclimation of the culture at 6 °C resulted in better agreement of the rotifer associated flora and that in water. Enrichment of the cultures induced a shift in the bacterial composition from Cytophaga/Flavobacterium dominance to Pseudomonas/Alcaligenes dominance. The bacterial flora of the rotifer cultures are dominated by presumably opportunistic species after enrichment, which may have detrimental effects when rotifers are fed as live food to marine fish larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025838
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of temperature on loss rates of rotifers, lipids, and ω3 fatty acids in starved Brachionus plicatilis cultures (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 255-256 (1993), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; lipids ; ω3 fatty acids ; starvation ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rotifer cultures of Brachionus plicatilis (SINTEF-strain, length 250 μm) rich in ω3 fatty acids were starved for 〉 5 days at variable temperature (0–18 °C). The net specific loss rate of rotifer numbers were 0.04 day−1 (range 0–0.08 day−1) at 5–18 °C, but reached values up to 0.25 day−1 at 0–3 °C. The loss rate was independent on culture density (range 40–1000 ind ml−1), but was to some extent dependent on the initial physiological state of the rotifers (i.e., egg ratio). The loss rate of lipids was 0.02–0.05 day−1 below 10 °C, where the potential growth rate of the rotifer is low (0–0.09 day−1). The loss rate of lipids increased rapidly for higher temperatures where the rotifer can maintain positive growth, and reached 0.19 day−1 at 18 °C. The Q10 for the lipid loss rate versus temperature was higher than the Q10 for respiration found in other strains. This may suggest that other processes than respiration were involved in lipid catabolism. The content of ω3 fatty acids became reduced somewhat faster than the lipids (i.e. in particular 22:6 ω3), but the fatty acid per cent distribution remained remarkably unaffected by the temperature during starvation. The results showed that rotifer cultures could be starved for up to 4 days at 5–8 °C without essential quantitative losses of lipids, ω3 fatty acids, and rotifers. The rotifers exhausted their endogenous lipids through reproduction (anabolism) and respiration (including enhanced locomotion) at higher temperatures. At lower temperatures, the mortality rate became very high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding kinetics of Brachionus plicatilis fed Isochrysis galbana (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 186-187 (1989), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis ; feeding kinetics ; clearance rates ; ingestion rates ; Isochrysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clearance and ingestion rates of Brachionus plicatilis were measured using 14C-labeled Isochrysis galbana Tahiti. Experiments were conducted at 20–22 °C, 20 ppt salinity, and algal concentrations ranging from 0.13–64 mg C 1−1. Clearance rates were constant and maximal at concentrations 〈2 mg C 1−1, with maximum rates ranging from 3.4–6.9 µl ind.−1 hr−1. The ingestion rate varied with food concentration, and was described by a rectilinear model. The maximum ingestion rate varied considerably, and was dependent on the growth rate of the rotifers. Depending on the pre-conditions, B. plicatilis ingested about 0.5 to 2 times its body carbon per day at saturating food concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048896
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  • 9
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    Recolonization by heterotrophic bacteria after UV irradiation or ozonation of seawater; a simulation of ballast water treatment (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0043-1354
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2448
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Inactivation of marine heterotrophic bacteria in ballast water by an Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process (2018)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0043-1354
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2448
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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