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  • 1
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    Strong-Ground-Motion Simulation of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila, Italy, Earthquake (2012)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: On 6 April 2009, an earthquake of M w  6.13 ( Herrmann et al. , 2011 ) occurred in central Italy, close to the town of L’Aquila. Although the earthquake is considered to be a moderate-size event, it caused extensive damage to the surrounding area. The earthquake is identified with significant directivity effects: high-amplitude, short-duration motions are observed at the stations that are oriented along the rupture direction, whereas low-amplitude, long-duration motions are observed at the stations oriented in the direction opposite to the rupture. The complex nature of the earthquake combined with its damage potential brings the need for studies that assess the seismological characteristics of the 2009 L’Aquila mainshock. In this study, we present the strong-ground-motion simulation of this particular earthquake using a stochastic finite-fault model with a dynamic corner frequency approach. For modeling the resulting ground motions, we choose two finite-fault source models that take into account the source complexity of the L’Aquila mainshock. In order to test the sensitivity of ground-motion parameters to the seismic wave attenuation parameters, we use two different attenuation models obtained in the study region using weak-motion and strong-motion databases. Comparisons are made between the attenuation of synthetics and ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Synthetic ground motions are further compared with the observed ones in terms of Fourier amplitude and response spectra at 21 strong-ground-motion stations that recorded the mainshock within an epicentral distance of 100 km. The spatial distribution of shaking intensity obtained from the "Did You Feel It?" project and site survey results are compared with the spatial distributions of simulated peak ground-motion intensity parameters. Our results show that despite the limitations of the method in simulating the directivity effects, the stochastic finite-fault model seems an effective and fast tool to simulate the high-frequency portion of ground motions.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 2
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    8 March 2010 Elazig-Kovancilar (Turkey) Earthquake: Observations on Ground Motions and Building Damage (2011)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 3
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    Strong-Ground-Motion Simulation of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila, Italy, Earthquake (2012)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-01
    Description: On 6 April 2009, an earthquake of M (sub w) 6.13 (Herrmann et al., 2011) occurred in central Italy, close to the town of L'Aquila. Although the earthquake is considered to be a moderate-size event, it caused extensive damage to the surrounding area. The earthquake is identified with significant directivity effects: high-amplitude, short-duration motions are observed at the stations that are oriented along the rupture direction, whereas low-amplitude, long-duration motions are observed at the stations oriented in the direction opposite to the rupture. The complex nature of the earthquake combined with its damage potential brings the need for studies that assess the seismological characteristics of the 2009 L'Aquila mainshock. In this study, we present the strong-ground-motion simulation of this particular earthquake using a stochastic finite-fault model with a dynamic corner frequency approach. For modeling the resulting ground motions, we choose two finite-fault source models that take into account the source complexity of the L'Aquila mainshock. In order to test the sensitivity of ground-motion parameters to the seismic wave attenuation parameters, we use two different attenuation models obtained in the study region using weak-motion and strong-motion databases. Comparisons are made between the attenuation of synthetics and ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Synthetic ground motions are further compared with the observed ones in terms of Fourier amplitude and response spectra at 21 strong-ground-motion stations that recorded the mainshock within an epicentral distance of 100 km. The spatial distribution of shaking intensity obtained from the "Did You Feel It?" project and site survey results are compared with the spatial distributions of simulated peak ground-motion intensity parameters. Our results show that despite the limitations of the method in simulating the directivity effects, the stochastic finite-fault model seems an effective and fast tool to simulate the high-frequency portion of ground motions.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 4
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    A Methodology for Seismic Loss Estimation in Urban Regions Based on Ground-Motion Simulations (2011)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-22
    Description: Seismic vulnerability assessment of residential buildings in regions of high seismicity is an interdisciplinary problem requiring major inputs from fields of seismology and earthquake engineering. The basic two components of loss estimation methods are information on regional seismicity and building stock. This study presents a realistic loss estimation methodology where the first component, input ground motions, is obtained from regional ground-motion simulations using the stochastic finite-fault technique. The second component, building vulnerability information, on the other hand, is taken into account using fragility analyses. Introducing the ground-motion intensity parameters obtained from simulations to the fragility curves, we obtain seismic loss distribution in a region. In this study, we demonstrate the loss estimation methodology with an application to three northwestern cities in Turkey (Duzce, Bolu, and Kaynasli) that experienced two major earthquakes (M (sub w) 7.4 and M (sub w) 7.1) in less than three months in 1999. We initially verify the methodology with comparisons of observed and estimated damage ratios for the 12 November 1999 (M (sub w) 7.1) Duzce earthquake. Later, we present the estimated damage ratios under scenario earthquakes in the region for a magnitude range of M (sub w) 5.5-7.5. M (sub w) 6.5 is predicted to be the threshold magnitude for the cities of Duzce and Kaynasli where more than 60% of the building stock experience moderate and heavy damage. Because Bolu is at a farther distance from the fault plane, less damage is estimated for M (sub w) 5.5-7.0 than those in the other centers. For M (sub w) 7.5, all three cities are predicted to experience substantial rates of heavy damage and collapse.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 5
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    Stochastic Strong Ground Motion Simulation of the 12 November 1999 Duzce (Turkey) Earthquake Using a Dynamic Corner Frequency Approach (2010)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-27
    Description: On 12 November 1999, only three months after the 17 August 1999 Kocaeli earthquake (M (sub w) 7.4), an earthquake of M (sub w) 7.1 occurred immediately to the east of the Kocaeli rupture in northwestern Turkey resulting in extensive structural damage in the city of Duzce and its surrounding area. It was reported to be a right-lateral strike slip event on the previously unbroken segment of the North Anatolian fault zone with a north-dipping fault plane. This paper presents stochastic finite-fault simulation of near-field ground motions from this earthquake at selected near-fault stations based on a dynamic corner frequency approach using the computer program EXSIM (Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005). The method requires region-specific source, path, and site characterizations as input model parameters. The source mechanism of the 1999 Duzce event and regional path effects are well constrained from previous studies of the earthquake. The local site effects at the selected stations are studied as a combination of the kappa operator and frequency-dependent soil amplification. The model parameters are validated against recordings and a stress-drop value of 100 bars is estimated for the 1999 Duzce earthquake. The validated model is then used to compute synthetic records around the fault. Distribution of peak ground-motion parameters is observed to be consistent with the building damage distribution in the near-fault region most affected by the seismic shaking. The attenuation of synthetic ground-motion parameters is compared with recent ground-motion prediction equations proposed for the region by Gulkan and Kalkan (2002), Ulusay et al. (2004), and Akkar and Bommer (2007), as well as two next generation attenuation models by Boore and Atkinson (2007) and Campbell and Bozorgnia (2007). Despite discrepancies at several stations, stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency approach confirms to be a practical tool to reproduce the ground motions of large earthquakes.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 6
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    Strong-Ground-Motion Simulation of the 6 April 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, Earthquake (2012)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 6 April 2009, an earthquake of Mw 6:13 (Herrmann et al., 2011) occurred in central Italy, close to the town of L’Aquila. Although the earthquake is considered to be a moderate-size event, it caused extensive damage to the surrounding area. The earthquake is identified with significant directivity effects: highamplitude, short-duration motions are observed at the stations that are oriented along the rupture direction, whereas low-amplitude, long-duration motions are observed at the stations oriented in the direction opposite to the rupture. The complex nature of the earthquake combined with its damage potential brings the need for studies that assess the seismological characteristics of the 2009 L’Aquila mainshock. In this study, we present the strong-ground-motion simulation of this particular earthquake using a stochastic finite-fault model with a dynamic corner frequency approach. For modeling the resulting ground motions, we choose two finite-fault source models that take into account the source complexity of the L’Aquila mainshock. In order to test the sensitivity of ground-motion parameters to the seismic wave attenuation parameters, we use two different attenuation models obtained in the study region using weak-motion and strong-motion databases. Comparisons are made between the attenuation of synthetics and ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Synthetic ground motions are further compared with the observed ones in terms of Fourier amplitude and response spectra at 21 strong-ground-motion stations that recorded the mainshock within an epicentral distance of 100 km. The spatial distribution of shaking intensity obtained from the “Did You Feel It?” project and site survey results are compared with the spatial distributions of simulated peak ground-motion intensity parameters. Our results show that despite the limitations of the method in simulating the directivity effects, the stochastic finite-fault model seems an effective and fast tool to simulate the high-frequency portion of ground motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1429-1445
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: 2009 L'Aquila sequence ; strong ground motion simulations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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