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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning to Recognize Patterns: Changes in the Visual Field with Familiarity (1995)
    Springer
    Optical review 2 (1995), S. 72-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: learning ; familiarity ; visual field ; pattern recognition ; eye movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two studies were conducted to investigate changes which take place in the visual information processing of novel stimuli as they become familiar. Japanese writing characters (Hiragana and Kanji) which were unfamiliar to two native English speaking subjects were presented using a moving window technique to restrict their visual fields. Study time for visual recognition was recorded across repeated sessions, and with varying visual field restrictions. The critical visual field was defined as the size of the visual field beyond which further increases did not improve the speed of recognition performance. In the first study, when the Hiragana patterns were novel, subjects needed to see about half of the entire pattern simultaneously to maintain optimal performance. However, the critical visual field size decreased as familiarity with the patterns increased. These results were replicated in the second study with more complex Kanji characters. In addition, the critical field size decreased as pattern complexity decreased. We propose a three component model of pattern perception. In the first stage a representation of the stimulus must be constructed by the subject, and restricting of the visual field interferes dramatically with this component when stimuli are unfamiliar. With increased familiarity, subjects become able to reconstruct a previous representation from very small, unique segments of the pattern, analogous to the informativeness areas hypothesized by Loftus and Mackworth [J. Exp. Psychol., 4 (1978) 565].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-995-0072-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Color Constancy by Color Memory Matching (1998)
    Springer
    Optical review 5 (1998), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: color constancy ; color memory ; surface color ; categorical color perception ; color matching ; color vision ; illumination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Degree of color constancy was measured when color memory was involved in color comparison judgment. We used the Optical Society of America (OSA) Uniform Color Scales as stimulus color samples, and chose 20 color samples as test stimuli. Four illuminants of 1700, 3000, 6500, and 30, 000 K were tested. The observer, completely adapted to a test illuminant, saw a test color sample and stored its color in his memory. After being readapted to the reference white (6500 K), he started selecting a color sample from among the 424 OSA samples which matched the test sample in his memory. We employed a memory matching method called cascade color matching, in which the number of selected color-samples was gradually reduced in four stages. In the final stage, the observer selected a color sample. The results show that, for most test colors, the distributions of selected colors in stages 1 to 4 were similar among all illuminants, and that the u’v’ chromaticity distance between a test color under 6500 K and its matched color was quite short. These indicate that good color constancy was retained in memory color comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-998-0059-z
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminance and Chromaticity Conditions of a Bichromatic Cross Pattern for Chromatically-Uniform Transparency (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: transparency ; additive-color mixture ; chromatic condition ; luminance condition ; visual system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We can perceive a surface through another surface. This perception is called transparency. It is known that transparency can be perceived even if the stimulus conditions are not consistent with physical conditions for a real transparent surface. In this study, we measured the ranges of luminance and chromaticity of the overlapping area of two crossed layers at which a surface was perceived as chromatically-uniform transparent. As the results, the luminance range of the overlapping area existed around or near the luminance of the inducing area. The upper and lower limits of the luminance range were higher for the dark background than for the light background. Moreover, the chromatic range existed around the additive colormixture line between two chromaticities of the inducing areas for both dark and light backgrounds. This indicates that the perceptual transparency mechanism would divide the color of an additive color mixture into the original colors that exist in the inducing areas. We noticed that the perceptual appearance of the stimulus changed greatly depending on the luminances of the overlapping area and the background. These differences in perceptual appearance would be a factor explaining individual difference and deciding the luminance conditions for transparency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0177-8
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distortion of Visual Space During Pursuit Eye Movements (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: visual psychophysics ; mislocalization ; pursuit eye movement ; peripheral visual field ; visual sualfie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured perceived positions of flash stimuli arranged two-dimensionally in the peripheral visual field during pursuit eye movement to examine the influence of displacement of the eye position on localization in the peripheral visual field. The horizontal mislocalization of the flash stimulus during the horizontal pursuit eye movement was found toward the pursuit direction. The magnitude of this mislocalization was asymmetrical around the central visual field, and the asymmetry depended on the pursuit direction. As the eye position changed, the magnitude of the horizontal mislocalization gradually decreased. It was also observed that the vertical mislocalization of the flash stimulus was constant regardless of the eye position displacement. These results show that the visual space during the horizontal pursuit eye movement is expanded horizontally and then gradually returns to the normal state. It is suggested that the visual space is dynamically distorted during the pursuit eye movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0241-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Asymmetric Color Matching (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: color constancy ; asymmetric matches ; unique-white ; apparent-color ; relative cone weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is known that the human color constancy is not complete. We conducted asymmetric color matching experiments to clarify a simple question: what was it that the observer matched. Observers made apparent-color matches between Munsell color chips under D65 illumination and a color chip presented on a CRT. The observers’ matches showed incomplete color constancy. We applied relative cone-weight transformation to each observer’s results under control condition, so as to equate the unique-white point for each illuminant condition. The result of this simple transformation showed good match to the actual data. Our results suggest what the observer was doing during the asymmetric color matches was picking up apparent-color signal, achieved from the test color chip under D65, and reconstructing it with respect to the unique-white by a simple cone response scaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0249-9
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