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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1978-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-1557
    Electronic ISSN: 2190-7579
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 8 (1975), S. 254-255 
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @British journal for the history of science 2 (1964), S. 25-43 
    ISSN: 0007-0874
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: SynopsisThe exploitation of the lead resources of this country by the Romans commenced very soon after their arrival and shows every sign of being a well organized trade. Little evidence of deep mining has survived and it is probable that most of the ore was obtained by means of shallow workings, mainly in Somerset, Salop, Flintshire and Derbyshire. Although the silver content does not seem ever to have been as high as that of some well-known mines in the Mediterranean, it is clear that silver has been extracted by the Romans from some of the British lead. The lead was cast in carefully made moulds, producing pigs with inscriptions which indicate their date. These were then used for the pipes, cisterns and pewter tableware which contributed to the high standard of living of the period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Detroit, Mich. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Technology and Culture. 18:4 (1977:Oct.) 690 
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige die Haftung von Oxiden auf Metallen beeinflussende FaktorenEinige der Unterschiede in den Hafteigenschaften können durch die Unterschiede der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Deckschicht und Grundwerkstoff erklärt werden. Die Festigkeit und die plastischen Eigenschaften einiger Oxide wurden gemessen. Auch die relativen Ausdehnungs-koeffizienten sind von Bedeutung; man ist teilweise der Ansicht, daß günstige Werte dieser Größe für die gute Haftung von NiO auf Nickel und komplexeren Filmen auf Nickellegierungen ursächlich sind.Eine weitere wichtige Größe sind innere Spannungen. Die Ursachen der bei der Oxidation von Kupfer auftretenden Spannungen wurden mit Hilfe einer einseitigen Oxidationstechnik ermittelt. Bei ausreichender Kenntnis der mechanischen Eigenschaften ist es möglich, die tatsächlichen Spannungswerte im wachsenden Oxidfilm zu berechnen.Ein weiterer die Haftung beeinflussender Faktor ist die Anreicherung von Spuren- oder Restelementen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Metall und Oxid. Zur Bestimmung des Einflusses verschiedener Elemente in Konzentrationen von 0,4 Gew.% auf die Haftung von Zunder auf Eisen wurde die Methode von Peters und Engell verwendet. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich in vier Gruppen einteilen: die Zunder, die mit Wüstit gemischten Oxidzunder bilden, platzten entweder ab oder hafteten nur schwach; die Zunder auf Edelmetallegierungen waren fast vergleichbar mit denen auf reinem Eisen, doch wirkten sich Kupfer und Zinn nachteilig aus. Zunder mit As, Sb und Pb hafteten nur schwach, doch blieb auf der Metalloberfläche eine dünne festhaftende Schicht zurück. Co und Nb hatten keine Wirkung.
    Notes: Some of the differences in adherence behaviour may be explained by differences in the respective physical properties of the films and the metals. The strength and plasticity of some of the oxides has been measured; the relative expansion coefficients are also important and it is thought to be the favourable nature of this which is responsible for the good adherence of NiO on nickel and more complex films on nickel-base alloys.Another important factor is internal stress. The sources of stresses during the oxidation of copper have been estimated using a unilateral oxidation technique. With sufficient knowledge of the mechanical properties it is possible to calculate the actual stress levels in the growing oxide film.A further factor influencing adherence is the accumulation of trace or residual elements on the metalloxide interface. The technique of Peters and Engell has been used to estimate the effect of various elements at a concentration of 0.4 wt% on the adherence of scales on iron. The results fall into four groups; those that form mixed oxide scales with wüstite either spalled or were weakly adherent; those on noble metal alloys were nearly comparable with pure iron, but copper and tin had a detrimental effect. Scales containing As, Sb and P were weakly adherent but left a thin adherent layer on the metal surface. Cobalt and niobium had no effect.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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