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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new species of pelagic haplochromine cichlid of the genus Diplotaxodon is described from Lake Malawi, Africa. The species, which attains a size of 14cm s. L., feeds mainly on zooplankton, shows no sexual dimorphism in size or body proportions, breeds throughout the year and lives at depths of 20 to at least 120 m. Approximately 600 tonnes of the species were caught by trawlers in 1990–1991, in the south–eastern arm of the lake alone. It appears that this species is a major component of the pelagic community, and occupies an ecological role similar to that of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in Lake Tanganyika.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Clear changes in body size-isotope (carbon and nitrogen) trajectories of Pseudotropheus callainos, a cichlid belonging to the endemic haplochromine species radiation in Lake Malawi, were found that corresponded with an ontogenetic dietary shift from predominantly planktonic to benthic food sources. The results indicated that dietary switching was a proximate cause of isotopic change over the life history of this species and confirmed the value of stable isotope signatures for inferring diet. The data also illustrated that possible variability of signatures over the life history of a species should be considered when using stable isotope ratios to investigate fine-scale ecological differentiation among taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An electrofishing survey of daytime shelter microhabitat use of bullhead Cottus gobio in a southern English chalk stream revealed positive selection for moderate water velocity, vegetation cover and coarse substrata. Water depth, other forms of cover, shade and substratum embeddedness had no significant influence on the distribution of fish. Microhabitat use was size-dependent, with patches occupied by adult fish containing coarser substrata and less blanket weed (Cladophora algae) than those occupied by smaller juvenile conspecifics. Differences in substratum use between size-classes were less pronounced in parts of the stream shaded by the tree canopy. In laboratory tanks stocked at low fish density, both juveniles and adults favoured use of cobbles over pebbles. The response of fish to increased conspecific density was size-dependent; juveniles reduced use of the coarse substratum whereas adults maintained their predominance in this habitat. An apparently greater shift by juveniles when in the presence of adults was significant at α = 0·10 only, as was an apparent reduction in interactions between size-classes under low light intensity. The displacement of small juvenile fish from the preferred cobble substratum is consistent with the hypothesis that intraspecific competition contributes to the size-related microhabitat shift observed in the field. Although there was a tendency for the strength of competition to be reduced at low light levels, the mechanism by which tree canopy cover affects microhabitat use remains uncertain.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Courtship sounds made by three sympatric cichlid species, Pseudotropheus zebra, P. callainos and an undescribed species known as P. ‘zebra gold’ were recorded and compared to investigate the potential role of acoustic signals in mate choice. Sounds were emitted during ‘quiver’ and ‘circle’ components of the male courtship display and consisted of rapidly repeated pulse units. Some sound variables differed significantly among species with P. callainos generally being separated from the other two species. This species produced sounds with higher peak frequency (for a given length) and lower number of pulses than P. ‘zebra gold’ and higher pulse durations than P. zebra. In addition, standard length was inversely related to peak frequency in both P. ‘zebra gold’ and P. callainos(this relation was not tested in P. zebra due to the small sample size). These differences might indicate different regimes of intraspecific sexual selection among the three species.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: With the aim of reliably distinguishing these commercially important species on the basis of external characteristics alone, morphometric techniques were employed on a sample of the four species of Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) described from Lake Malawi: O. karongae, O. lidole, O. saka and O. squamipinnis. Univariate analysis of variance on the ratios of 23 variables to standard length indicated many differences among all species, but there was considerable individual variation, and consequent overlap. Residuals from a regression of each variable on length were employed for multivariate analysis. Cluster analysis on the means of the residuals was used to construct a phenogram which formed the basis for denning a series of dichotomous discriminant analyses. In each discriminant analysis, variables were successively eliminated in the reverse order of the magnitude of their correlation with the discriminant function. The combination of variables producing 95% accuracy of classification was selected, and the discriminant function equations for each step calculated. Some further variables were eliminated by checking for redundancy through analysis of correlations. The resulting equations enable O. karongae to be separated using eight measurements, O. lidole using 10, and O. saka and O. squamipinnis to be distinguished by a combination of 13 measurements.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Oreochromis lidole (Trewavas) is a member of a flock of tilapünes endemic to the Lake Mala% catchment area, of which it is considered to be the most pelagic and planktivorous species. Analysis of the stomach contents of adults from the South East Arm of Lake Malaŵ, from fish caught by both the offshore trawl fishery, and the inshore gillnet fishery, indicates a very narrow dietary breadth, dominated by the filamentous diatom Melosira. The presence of quantities of sand in the stomach indicates that at least some of the food is obtained from sediment feeding. During the breeding season, in November, brooding female O. lidole caught in shallow water exhibited a much broader diet, resembling the more inshore species O. squarnipinnis (Gunther) and O. karongae (Trewavas), with a higher proportion of filamentous chlorophytes and a large amount of sand. Juvenile chambo initially feed mainly on epilithic and epiphytic algae, turning more to plankton and sediment at larger sizes. In general, the different Oreochromiv spp. Caught in the same place at the same time have very similar diets, suggesting that any avoidance of competition for food resources results from habitat partitioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three tilapiine species belonging to the endemic Lake Malawi species flock known as‘ chambo’Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) karongae, O. (N.) lidole and O. (N.) squamipinnis and the species Oreochromis (Oreochromis) shiranus were collected from the wild. These four species were analysed at 43 enzyme loci using starch gel electrophoresis. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed after correcting for multiple simultaneous testing. The expected heterozygosity (He) was lowest in O. (O.) shiranus (He=0.082). The three chambo species had higher levels: He=0.103 to He=0.116. The three chambo species as a whole were polymorphic (99%) at 16 different loci sharing 10 of these in common. No fixed differences between the three chambo species were observed but highly significant allele frequency differences existed between all the chambo species. The FST calculated for the three chambo species was 0051, closer to intra-specific than to inter-specific levels. O. (O.) shiranus could be clearly separated from all chambo species at five fixed loci. Comparison of the allozyme data from these species with five species from the same sub genera support the hypothesis that the chambo form a monophyletic group and that O. (N.) macrochir or a related species represents the sister taxon.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three species of tilapia (Oreochromis lidole, O. karongae and O. niloticus) were fed on four planktonic algal diets in the laboratory. The algal concentrations were measured over a 24-h period and the ingestion rates calculated. In monocultures of large algae (average filament length=477 μm) O. niloticus had the highest ingestion rate, but on small algae (particle size 〈8 μm) O. lidole was the fastest, while O. karongae enhanced nanoplankton production. With algae of mixed sizes, O. niloticus was able to remove small algae quicker than the other fish species. Thus, the presence of larger algae can influence the impact of a planktivorous species on nanoplankton. O. lidole is likely to have the greatest impact on plankton communities heavily dominated by smaller algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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