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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 2033-2040 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 304-310 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A number of polymers have been discovered recently for which the intensity of some Bragg reflections with d 〉 10 Å considerably increases with temperature. Thermal expansion may be the reason for this anomalous phenomena. In sufficiently large molecules electron density distribution should change at the molecular boundaries upon thermal expansion. In the middle part of a molecule, owing to the rigidity of interatomic bonds, an increase in temperature will not cause appreciable changes. As a result, thermal expansion may lead to a re-distribution of the electron density and an increase in the intensity of Bragg reflections with temperature. The scattering from model systems of particles was calculated. The calculations show that the rate of the growth of the Bragg reflection intensity with maximum d increases when a relative size of the central part of particle with constant density increases. The larger the molecule, the faster the Bragg reflection intensity increases with temperature rise. Thermal expansion should lead to an increase in the intensity of Bragg reflections with largest d and thermal expansion should not affect the intensity of Bragg reflections at all if d values are small. The temperature factor of the intensity associated with thermal expansion should not depend on the Debye-Waller factor. The Debye-Waller factor characterizes the effect of thermal vibrations on the intensity of Bragg reflections in the harmonic approximation, while thermal expansion is related to anharmonic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8922
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The process of friction of antifrictional self-lubricating plastics based on F-1 polyarylate and various fillers has been studied. It has been shown that a distinctive feature of this process is the formation of a film of the same composition as that of the antifrictional plastic on the steel surface. 2. It has been shown that during the process of friction of antifrictional self-lubricating plastics both structural changes in the mobybdenum disulfide and also tribochemical transformations of molybdenum disulfide and copper, plus reaction of these with the counterbody material, take place in the surface films. 3. It has been found that the nature of the tribochemical transformations depends on the chemical composition of the antifrictional self-lubricating plastic and affects the temperature limits of the friction zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 13 (1970), S. 1667-1668 
    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 518-529 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Röntgen-Beugung eines Systems aus linearen Kristalliten wurde berechnet, um verschiedene Formen von Kleinwinkelreflexionen zu erklären. Die Berechnungen zeigen, daß die beobachteten verschiedenen SAX-Beugungsbilder theoretisch erhalten werden können, wenn die Form der verschiedenen Kristallite in geeigneter Weise gewählt wird. Verschiedene Beugung kann im wesentlichen mit Änderungen von Kristallitgestalt und -große gedeutet werden. Strich-, 2-Punkt- und 4-Punkt-Beugung sind mit rechteckigen und plättchenförmigen Kristalliten von kleinen lateralen Dimensionen verknüpft. Im Fall von radialen Reflektionen ist der einzelne Kristallit ein Plättchen, und eine Fibrille ist ein Stapel von Plättchen. Strukturänderungen in orientierten Proben mit planarer Kristallittextur, erzeugt durch Schrumpfung, wurden studiert. Der Hauptvorgang bei Schrumpfung besteht im Wachsen der lateralen (mit Hinblick auf die Texturachse) Kristallit-dimensionen und in ihrer Überführung in Plättchen. Gleichzeitig findet eine Drehung der Achsen der Makromoleküle statt. Im 2. Stadium der Schrumpfung schrauben sich die Schichten um eine Achse senkrecht zur Filmebene. Dann bildet sich die isotrope Struktur. Der Übergang zwischen den beiden Arten von Beugungen ist für die verschiedenen Prozesse typisch, die im Laufe einer Deformation und einer Schrumpfung von Polymeren stattfinden.
    Notes: Summary Diffraction by a linear crystallite system was calculated to explain different shapes of small-angle reflections. The calculations show that various SAXS patterns observed can be obtained theoretically if the shape of certain crystallites are accounted for. Various reflection shapes can be explained chiefly by the changes in the crystallite shape and size. Dash, four-point and two-point reflections are associated with rectangular and oblique crystallite of small lateral dimensions. In the case of radial reflections the crystallite represents a plate and the fibril — a stack of plates. Structural changes in oriented samples with planar crystallite texture caused by shrinkage were studied. The principal process of shrinkage consists in the growth of lateral (with respect to the texture axis) crystallite dimensions and in their transformation into plates. Simultaneously the rotation of the macromolecule axis takes place. At the second stage of the shrinkage the layers twist around an axis perpendicular to the film plane. Then isotropic structure is formed. Transition between the two kinds of reflections are typical of various processes taking place in the course of polymer deformation and shrinkage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of structural chemistry 3 (1962), S. 90-91 
    ISSN: 1573-8779
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Crystalline complexes of the phenylacetylide of copper and triphenylphosphine with Cu-to-P ratios of 1∶1 and 2∶3 have been prepared and characterized. 2. The 1∶1 complex has been shown to exist in two isomeric forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 851-858 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly[bis-2,2,3,3-tetrafluorpropoxy)phosphazene], structure and phase transitions in ; phase transition and structure in poly [bis-2,2,3,3-tetrafluopropoxy)phosphazene] ; x-ray diffraction from poly [bis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluopropoxy)phosphazene] ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The structure and phase transitions in poly[bis-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phosphazene] have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction. Two crystalline phases and one mesomorphic phase are found, denoted I, II, and III, respectively. These phases convert reversibly one into the other on heating and cooling. The Phase I-Phase II transition occurs in a temperature range from 5 to 30°C whereas the Phase II mesophase (Phase III) transition proceeds above 80°C. Heats of transitions are measured to be about 29.0 J/g and 3.6 J/g, respectively. Crystalline Phase I is characterized by a monoclinic unit cell with the parameters: α = 24.4 Å, b = 9.96 Å, c = 4.96 Å, γ = 123°. The axes of both chains, traversing the unit cell, are directed along the “c” axis, the main chains having cis-trans conformation. Phase I is the common crystalline structure for the main chain and side chains. The structure of Phase II is controlled mainly by packing of the side chains. Transition of Phase II into mesomorphic Phase III is accompanied with distortion of packing of the side chains. Only regular packing of the main chains of macromolecules in the plane perpendicular to their axes exists in Phase III. Mesomorphic phase III is stable up to the degradation temperature of the polymer. A significant effect of stress on the Phase II-III transition in oriented samples was found.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work describes the investigation of the space organization of DNA compact forms and DNA-protein complexes by the small-angle x-ray scattering method. A plane texture was disclosed in dehydrated DNP films. Compact DNA particles formed in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) reveal ordered structures having a periodicity of 84 Å. Various morphological forms of crystals of CTA-DNA were used to obtain small-angle x-ray patterns of the single-crystal type.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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