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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal concentrations in sediments from Manila Bay, Philippines and inflowing rivers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 86 (1994), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Keywords: Manila Bay ; heavy metals ; historical trend of pollution ; marine sediment ; riverine sediment
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90009-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geographical distribution of persistent organochlorines in air, water and sediments from Asia and Oceania, and their implications for global redistribution from lower latitudes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 85 (1994), S. 15-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90234-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent organochlorine residues in northern fur seal from the Pacific coast of Japan since 1971
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 85 (1994), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90052-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents of non-ortho coplanar PCBs in adipose fat of poles (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic trend of persistent organochlorine contamination in wildlife from a tropical agricultural watershed, South India (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1992), S. 26-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The residue levels of persistent organochlorines, such as HCH (BHC: 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers, DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane] compounds, PCBs (polychlorobiphenyls) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene), were measured in wildlife. The wildlife were sampled from terrestrial and aquatic habitats in and around the agricultural watershed of Parangipettai, South India. On the basis of overall concentrations ∑HCH ranked first followed by ∑DDT, ∑PCB and HCB, reflecting the increasing usage of HCH in recent years in India. The residue levels of organochlorines in birds varied according to their feeding habits and showed the following pattern: inland piscivores and scavengers 〉 coastal piscivores 〉 insectivores 〉 omnivores 〉 granivores. High levels of HCH and DDT residues were recorded in Pond heron and Cattle egret which feed in the agricultural fields. Comparison of HCH concentrations in fish and birds in the study area to other locations was made to further understand the dynamics of contaminant accumulation in tropical wildlife. Regarding birds, a wide variation in residue levels could be seen among various countries, with tropical regions registering high levels. In contrast, the variation is not prominent in the case of fish. The residue levels in fish measured in the present study were generally comparable to values reported from other locations. This suggests that the bioavailability of contaminants to the aquatic fauna is less due to the smaller flux and shorter residence time of these chemicals in the tropics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225992
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomer-specific analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) in red fox and human adipose tissue from central Italy (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1995), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The general exposure of humans and foxes to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT in Italy was determined by analysis of adipose tissue samples collected from 1991–1992. ΣPCB concentrations varied between 1.0 and 2.6 μg/g (wet wt.). ΣDDT concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 5.0 μg/g (wet wt.). About thirty-five PCB congeners were identified in most samples. PCB congeners of IUPAC Nos. 138, 153, and 180 were the most abundant compounds, accounting for an average of 50% of the ΣPCBs in humans and 64% in foxes. Generally, higher chlorinated biphenyls and those with a 2,4,5-chlorine substitution in one ring and at least one substitution in the 4-position of the other ring were preferentially accumulated. Coplanar PCB congeners were detected at considerable concentrations and there is no sign of decline in their concentrations with respect to previously reported data. IUPAC Nos. 118, 156 and 126 were the main contributors to toxicity in humans and foxes. The significant contribution of mono-ortho congeners in humans and non-ortho congeners in foxes suggests that differences in metabolic potential may affect the PCB toxicity pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213088
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury levels and its chemical form in tissues and organs of seabirds (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver, muscle, kidney, and feather samples from nine species of seabirds were analyzed for total and organic (methyl) mercury (MM). Total mercury (TM) levels in liver showed great intra- and inter-species variations, with the concentrations varied from 306 μg/g (dry weight) in black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) to 4.9 μg/g in arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), while MM levels were less relatively variable. The order of MM concentrations in tissues of all the seabirds except oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis) was as follows: liver 〉 kidney 〉 muscle. The mean percentage of MM in total was 35%, 36%, and 66% in liver, kidney, and muscle, respectively, for all the species. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between the proportion of MM to TM and concentrations of TM in the liver and muscle of black-footed albatross and in the liver of laysan albatross. Furthermore, the percentage of MM decreased with an increase in TM concentrations in the liver, muscle, and kidney of all the species. Black-footed albatross had the highest concentration and burden of mercury in the liver, wherein more than 70% of the TM occurred as inorganic mercury. On the other hand, the mercury burdens in feathers were less than 10% of the body burdens, indicating that excretion of mercury by moulting is negligible. The results suggest that some seabirds are capable of demethylating MM in the tissues (mainly in liver), and store mercury as an immobilizable inorganic form in the liver. It is noteworthy that the species with a high degree of demethylation capacity and slow moulting pattern showed low mercury burdens in feathers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215806
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury Concentrations in Hair from Populations in Wau-Bulolo Area, Papua New Guinea (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 412-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Total mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined in scalp hair from the populations in the Wau-Bulolo area, eastern Papua New Guinea (PNG), where humans are exposed to large quantities of Hg through gold-mining activities by Hg amalgamation processes. Humans living upstream and not engaged in gold mining had a mean hair Hg concentration of 0.55 μg g−1 (range: 0.19–1.1 μg g−1) (n=80), which was recognized as the background level in this area. In contrast, the populations involved in gold-mining activities had a significantly higher level of hair Hg (mean: 1.2 μg g−1, range: 0.39–3.0 μg g−1) (n=86) than the background level, indicating direct or indirect exposure to Hg from gold mining. The hair Hg level in populations downstream of the gold-mining area was significantly higher than the background level, due to the consumption of Hg-contaminated fish. Mercury concentrations were significantly higher in males than in females, regardless of location properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-Dependent Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Baikal Seal (Phoca sibirica) from the Lake Baikal (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 518-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Hg were determined in the liver, kidney, and muscle of 60 Baikal seals collected from Lake Baikal in 1992 to investigate age-dependent accumulation. Among essential elements, Fe concentrations in the muscle, liver, and kidney increased with age, suggesting development of diving ability. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu decreased with age, especially at immature stages. Toxic elements such as Hg and Cd decreased in adult males and thus the male-female difference was clearly observed in their concentrations, which differed from patterns usually found in marine mammals. Such accumulation patterns were due to difference in the feeding rates between males and females under low exposure to Hg and Cd. In addition, a greater excretion of Hg than that of Cd through molting and parturition was estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contamination Levels and Specific Accumulation of Persistent Organochlorines in Caspian Seal (Phoca caspica) from the Caspian Sea, Russia (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 37 (1999), S. 396-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Persistent organochlorines, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including coplanar congeners, DDTs, HCHs, chlordanes (CHLs), and HCB, were determined in the blubber of Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) and their fish diet (Rutilus sp.) collected in 1993 from the northern Caspian Sea, Russia. Notable concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were found at mean values of 19 and 1.3 μg/g on wet-weight basis in adult male seals, respectively. PCB pollution in Caspian seals was not so considerable compared with those of seals that suffered mass mortality. Less gender difference of organochlorine residue levels in adult animals implies less excretion of organochlorines from the body of adult females through lactation and gestation, probably due to the higher rate of pregnancy failure. Immature seals had a wide range of organochlorine concentrations, which decreased as body length increased, suggesting dilution. Caspian seals can be considered to have higher degradation capacity for coplanar PCBs. Mean TEQs (2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents) for non-, mono- and di-ortho coplanar PCBs was 51 pg/g on wet-weight basis, which was lower than those in seals that have suffered mass mortality, but comparable to those found in Arctic seals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900531
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