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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient laser-induced voltages in room-temperature films of YBa2Cu3O7−x (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4375-4376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transient laser-induced electrical signals with peak voltages of ∼50 mV and 〈20 ns duration (full width half-maximum) have been observed in room-temperature thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x in the absence of an applied current. It is demonstrated that the signal polarity is reversed when the films are illuminated through the substrate rather than at the air/film interface. The mechanism for this effect has yet to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344907
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angle-dependent laser-induced voltages in room-temperature polycrystalline wafers of YBa2Cu3O7−x (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 2407-2409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room-temperature laser-induced voltages were observed in unsupported, polycrystalline wafers of YBa2Cu3O7−x in the absence of a transport current. Peak voltages of ∼1 V were detected in response to 40 mJ pulses of 532 nm light. The rise and fall times for the signals were detector limited. The half widths of the signals were instrument response limited (laser pulsed limited for a 10 ns laser pulse and digitizer limited for a 30 ps laser pulse). At fixed pulse energy, the induced peak voltage scales as the sine of the angle of incidence of the laser beam and is nulled at normal incidence. The magnitude of the signal as a function of sample thickness, preparation, and laser excitation wavelength is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103860
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon and nitrogen pools and mineralization in a grassland gley soil under elevated carbon dioxide at a natural CO2 spring (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The growth and chemical composition of most plants are influenced by elevated CO2, but accompanying effects on soil organic matter pools and mineralization are less clearly defined, partly because of the short-term nature of most studies. Herein we describe soil properties from a naturally occurring cold CO2 spring (Hakanoa) in Northland, New Zealand, at which the surrounding vegetation has been exposed to elevated CO2 for at least several decades. The mean annual temperature at this site is ≈ 15.5 °C and rainfall ≈ 1550 mm. The site was unfertilized and ungrazed, with a vegetation of mainly C3 and C4 grasses, and had moderate levels of ‘available’ P. Two soils were present − a gley soil and an organic soil – but only the gley soil is examined here. Average atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 17 sampling locations in the gley soil area ranged from 372 to 670 ppmv.In samples at 0–5 cm depth, pH averaged 5.4; average values for organic C were 150 g, total N 11 g, microbial C 3.50 g, and microbial N 0.65 g kg−1, respectively. Under standardized moisture conditions at 25 °C, average rates of CO2-C production (7–14 days) were 5.4 mg kg−1 h−1 and of net mineral-N production (14 −42 days) 0.40 mg kg−1 h−1. These properties were all correlated positively and significantly (P 〈 0.10) with atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but not with soil moisture (except for CO2-C production) or with clay content; they were, however, correlated negatively and mainly significantly with soil pH. In spite of uncertainties associated with the uncontrolled environment of naturally occurring springs, we conclude that storage of C and N can increase under prolonged exposure to elevated CO2, and may include an appreciable labile fraction in mineral soil with an adequate nutrient supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00357.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitope analysis of T- and B-cell response against the human β"1-adrenoceptor
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 76 (1994), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: B-cell epitopes ; T-helper cells ; autoimmunity ; synthetic peptides
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0300-9084(94)90008-6
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-polarization 13 C NMR spectroscopy of whole soils (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 286 (1980), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although the 13C cross-polarization technique has been well documented1'2, a brief description is necessary here. Its major advantages over conventional 13C NMR are a reduction of the time required to obtain a usable spectrum which, in turn, is better resolved owing to the elimination of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286585a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of chrysotalunin, a red pigment from a New Zealand soil (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1271-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Benzene extraction of Te Kopuru sand, a podzol located in the subtropical region of New Zealand, yielded a high melting pigment. Spectroscopic data showed it to be the bianthraquinone chrysotalunin. This is the first report of its occurrence in the Southern hemisphere soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920126
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recolonization of methyl bromide sterilized soils under four different field conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Invasion ; Soil ; Recolonization ; Protozoa ; Rotifers ; Nematodes ; Microbial biomass ; Dehydrogenase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The course of recovery in biological activity was assessed in the top 5 cm of undisturbed soil cores (29.7 cm diameter, 30 cm deep) that had been fumigated in the laboratory with methyl bromide. The cores were returned to their original pasture and forest sites, two with a moderate and two with a high rainfall, and untreated soils at all sites served as baselines. Sampling took place over 166 days (midsummer to midwinter). Microbial biomass (as measured by fumigation-extraction and substrate-induced respiration procedures) and dehydrogenase activity both recovered rapidly, but remained consistently lower in the fumigated than in untreated samples at both forest sites and at the moister of the two pasture sites. Bacterial numbers also recovered rapidly. Fungal hyphal lengths were, on average over 166 days, 25% lower in the fumigated soils. Levels of mineral N were initially highest in the fumigated soils, but declined with time. Fumigation generally had no detectable effects on the subsequent rates of net N mineralization and little effect on nitrification rates. Fumigation almost totally eliminated protozoa, with one to three species being recovered on day 0; the numbers recovered most rapidly in the moist forest soil and slowly in the dry pasture soil. The recoionization rate of protozoan species was similar in all soils, with species numbers on day 110 being 33 and 34 in the fumigated and untreated soils, respectively. Nematodes were eliminated by fumigation; recolonization was first detected on day 26 but by day 166, nematode numbers were still lower in fumigated than in untreated soils, the abundance being 10 and 62 g-1 soil and diversity 10 and 31 species, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that protozoan and nematode populations and diversities could provide a useful medium-term ecological index of the recovery in comprehensive soil biological activity following major soil pollution or disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335765
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the fauna of a grassland soil to doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Elevated CO2 ; Drought ; Pasture ; Nematodes ; Enchytraeids ; Earthworms ; Climate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of elevated CO2 on rhizosphere processes, including the response of soil faunal populations and community structure, have so far received little attention. We report on significant responses in the soil fauna of ryegrass/white clover swards to both increasing CO2 from 350 to 750 μl · l–1 and, to a period of 60 days when some of the turves were subject to drought, in a controlled climate growth room experiment. The nematodes which increased were predominantly Enoplia, including dorylaimids, alaimids and trichodorids. This accords with both the doubling of Alaimus under elevated CO2 conditions reported in a similar experiment and with the common association of Enoplia with less disturbed habitats. The most marked decrease was in the bacterial-feeding Rhabditis (Secernentea). The increase in omnivorous and predacious nematodes may have been responsible for the decrease in populations of bacterial-feeding nematodes. However, in contrast to their standing crops, the turnover rate of bacterial-feeding nematodes and soil microbial biomass probably increased as a result of increased grazing by these omnivorous and predacious nematodes. Increases in earthworm and enchytraeid populations were related to increased below-ground productivity reported for the same trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050320
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus control of soil organic matter accumulation and cycling (1988)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 5 (1988), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: phosphorus ; P control ; organic matter ; C ; N ; S ; cycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The present level of understanding of P controls on organic matter accumulation and cycling in a pedological context owes much to soil sequence studies, and the hypotheses that emerged from them to explain the variation of P compounds with soil type and development. It is now widely accepted that nutrient transformations in soil are closely linked through a more dynamic biological cycle in which microorganisms have a central role. Concepts developed to account for the effects of P on N cycling, and for interpreting inter-relationships of C, N, P and S in both a pedological and biological context have yet to be tested adequately across different ecosystems. These concepts are discussed, in relation to some recent supporting evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180319
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biological transformation of P in soil (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Immobilisation ; Microbial P ; Mineralisation ; Organic P ; P transformations ; Soil P cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Organic forms of soil phosphorus (Po) are an important source of available P for plants following mineralisation. The rates and pathways of P through soil organic matter are, however, poorly understood when compared to physco-chemical aspects of the P cycle. The essential role of soil microorganisms as a labile resercoir of P, confirmed experimentally and in modelling studies, has recently led to the development of methods for measuring thier P content. Incorporation in a new P fractionation scheme of these measurements with estimates of Pi and Po fractions that vary in the exten toftheir availability to plants has enabled the dynamics of short-term soil P transformations to be investigated in relation to long-term changes observed in the field. Different types of soil P compounds that minearlise at different rates can now be measured directly in extracts by31P-nuclear magnetic resonance. Orthophosphate diesters, including phospholipids and nucleic acids, are the most readily mineralised group of these compounds. However, mineralisation rates rather than the amounts of types of Po in soil ultimately control P availability to plants. These rates are influenced by a number of soil and site factors, as a sensitive new technique using [32P] RNA has recently shown. These recent developments reflect a more holistic approach to investigation of the soil P cycle than in the past, which should lead to improved fertilizer management practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205584
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