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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis ; 6059-S ; Oxacephem ; Escherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Serratia marcescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of 6059-S, a novel 1-oxacephem, on peptidoglycan synthesis was investigated using ether-treated cells of Escherichia coli K 12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KM 338 and Serratia marcescens IFO 12648. The cross-linking reaction of peptidoglycan synthesis in these organisms was inhibited by markedly low concentration of 6059-S.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 503-504 (Jan. 2006), p. 919-924 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The recrystallization behavior and texture development in copper accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) processed by various cycles (2, 4 and 6 cycle) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and SEM/EBSP method. The exothermic peaks caused by recrystallization appeared at 210 ~ 253 ?? in each sample. The peak positions shifted to lower temperature as the number of ARB cycles increased. This result indicated that the evolution of finer microstructure with increasing number of the ARB cycles enhanced the occurrence of recrystallization at lower temperature. The stored energy calculated from the DSC curve of the ARB processed copper increased with the increasing strains. During an annealing, the preferential growth of cube-oriented grains ({100}〈001〉) occurred in each sample. The recystallization behavior of ARB processed copper having low stacking fault energies was distinguished from that of so-called “recovery type” materials, i.e. aluminum and low carbon steels, which shows rather continuous changes in microstructure during annealing. The accumulated strains provided the driving force for the preferential growth, which was the same mechanism as the preferential growth in normally rolled copper. The sharpest cube texture developed in ARB processed copper by 4 cycles. The difference of cube texture development between 2 cycles and 4 cycles was caused by the distribution of cube-oriented regions which corresponded to the nucleation sites of recrystallized grains before annealing. More nanocystalline layers in the vicinity of bonded interfaces were distributed in ARB processed copper by 6 cycles than 4cycles. The nanocystalline structure could grow faster than the cube-oriented grains and led to the inhibition of sharp cube texture in the ARB processed copper by 6 cycles
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 503-504 (Jan. 2006), p. 925-930 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Grain boundary structures in the Accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) processed copper (ARB-Cu) have been studied. The grain boundary structures were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In order to clarify the difference between the grain boundaries in ARB-Cu and equilibrium boundaries, calculated atomic structure of symmetric tilt grain boundaries with 〈110〉 common axis (〈110〉 symmetric tilt grain boundary; 〈110〉 STGB) in Cu were used. The near 14° boundary in the ARB-Cu could be described by the dislocation model, but the dense dislocation region existed near the grain boundary. The high angle boundaries in ARB-Cu could be described by the structural units which were obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Furthermore, in the 2 cycles and 6 cycles ARB-Cu (2cARB-Cu and 6cARB-Cu), the deformation twin boundaries could be observed and described by the structural unit. Therefore, it was concluded that the grain boundary structure in the ARB-Cu was not much different from the normal equilibrium grain boundary and explained by conventional dislocation and structural unit models
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 558-559 (Oct. 2007), p. 71-76 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Al-Mg-Si alloy is the suitable material for the automotive body application. However, it isfound that a rope-like profile (ridging) develops when the Al-Mg-Si alloy sheet is stretched along thetransverse direction. In this study, in order to clarify the formation process of ridging developed inAl-Mg-Si alloy, the relation between ridging and texture components of the sheet was investigated by3D profile microscope and SEM/EBSD method. It was found that the ridging developed remarkablyin the hot-rolled (at higher temperature) and annealed sheets. In ridging sample, there was the band ofcube oriented grains (cube band). It was also found that the region of cube band corresponded to theridges and valleys which caused a rope-like profile in the sheets. It could be thought that thedifference of plastic deformability between cube-oriented grains and other oriented grains led to thedevelopment of ridging. This assumption is supported by the lower Taylor factor of cube orientedgrains than other oriented grains. From these results, it was concluded that the development of ridgingwas strongly affected by the distribution of cube oriented grains
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 584-586 (June 2008), p. 716-721 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Grain boundary structures in the commercial purity aluminum (1100Al) highly deformedby the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process was observed by using conventional transmissionelectron microscopy (CTEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Inthe low angle grain boundary with a tilt angle (2θ) of 2.1o consisted of the periodic dislocationsarray, the interval of those dislocations could be explained by the dislocation model for grainboundary. However, the dense dislocation region locally existed at the vicinity of the low angleboundary. On the other hand, we also observed the high angle grain boundary of which the commonaxis and 2θ was 〈110〉 and 125.9o, respectively. In this grain boundary, we could describe theboundary configuration in terms of the combination of the kite-shaped structure unit characterizedby Σ11 coincidence boundary with the 2θ of 129.52o around 〈110〉 and the additional dislocationsto compensate the difference of the actual and geometrically coincided one
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 584-586 (June 2008), p. 791-796 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Aging behavior and mechanical properties of ultra fine grained Cu-Cr-Zr alloy sheetproduced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process were investigated. A Cu-0.85Cr-0.07Zr (inmass%) alloy was solution treated and then cold-rolled at ambient temperature in the sheet of 1 mmthick. The sheets were heavily deformed by ARB process at ambient temperature up to 5cycles. The grain size was reduced down to 210 nm and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries(HAGB’s) in the specimen after ARB process was 63%. The proof stress ( σ 0.2) and elongationwere 540 MPa and 10%, respectively. Due to the aging treatment, a little grain growth took place(240 nm) and the fraction of HAGB’s was increased to 67%. The proof stress and elongation ofthe aged one increased to 605 MPa and 15%, respectively. It was noteworthy that the electricalconductivity remarkably increased from 35% to 79%IACS by the aging treatment. It wasconcluded that the aging treatment after ARB process enhanced not only the mechanical propertiesbut also the electrical conductivity in the Cu-Cr-Zr alloys
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 558-559 (Oct. 2007), p. 351-356 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Grain boundary mobility in preferential growth of cube grains ({100}〈001〉) wasevaluated by in-situ electron back scattering diffraction pattern (EBSP) analysis in order to clarifythe fundamental mechanism of primary recrystallization in pure aluminum foils of 99.9% puritythermo-mechanically processed in the industrial production route for aluminum foils for electrolyticcapacitors. We have carried out the continuous EBSP measurements during recrystallization ofthe aluminum foils heated to various temperatures in the chamber of scanning electron microscopy(SEM). We have succeeded in dynamic observation of the preferential growth of cube grains bythe in-situ EBSP analysis. The in-situ EBSP analysis could reveal the migration rate of grainboundaries surrounding the cube grains. It was clarified that the proportional relation betweenmigration rate and annealing time was satisfied. The stored energy providing the driving force forthe grain boundary migration during primary recrystallization could be estimated from themisorientation within the deformed grains. The mobility of the grain boundary could be evaluatedusing the measured grain boundary migration rate and stored energy. Then the activation energycould be estimated by the in-situ EBSP analysis at various temperatures ranging from 270℃ to310℃. The obtained activation energy was 124 kJ/mol, which approximately corresponded to thatfor the diffusion of impurity such as iron or silicon in aluminum. This suggested that therate-determining process of the grain boundary migration of cube grains was impurity diffusion inthe pure aluminum foils
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 396-402 (July 2002), p. 569-574 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 467-470 (Oct. 2004), p. 807-812 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present study, grain boundary energy and atomic structure of 〈110〉 symmetric tilt boundaries in copper were evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. From the simulations, the grain boundary energy of 〈110〉 symmetric tilt boundaries depended on misorientation angle and there were large energy cusps at the misorientation angles which corresponded to (111) S 3 and (113) S 11 symmetric tilt boundaries. It was found that the atomic structure of each 〈110〉 symmetric tilt boundary was described by the combination of three kinds of structural units which consisted of (331) S 19, (111) S 3 and (113) S 11 symmetric tilt boundaries and two single crystal units which consisted of (110) S 1and (001) S 1 single crystals. From the the analysis of the excess free volume in each grain boundary, it was found that the energy of structural units depended on the excess free volume of the units and that the misorientation dependence of grainboundary energy agreed with that of the free volume in grain boundaries
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