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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 57 (1985), S. 1511-1517 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Paired halves of 32 lamb carcasses were either electrically stimulated (ES) or not (NES), then assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) hot-boned, cooked prerigor, frozen and reheated (HEPRC); (2) conventionally chilled and boned, cooked, frozen and reheated (CB-ARC); (3) hot-boned, frozen and cooked (HB); and (4) cold- boned, frozen and cooked (CB). Electrical stimulation lowered (P 〈 0.05) peak force (PF) of chops from CB-ARC, HB and CB treatments. Nonstimulated HB-PRC chops had a lower (P 〈 0.05) PF than ES, HB-PRC chops. Lower (P 〈 0.05) compression values were noted for HEPRC and CB-ARC chops than for HB and CB chops. Electrical stimulation reduced (P 〈 0.05) PF regardless of cooking method. Chops cooked in the microwave had lower (P 〈 0.05) work values than chops cooked in the convection oven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 178 (1956), S. 1004-1004 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The purpose of this communication is to place on record that the life-history of P. simile, a European species, has been elucidated by me under experimental conditions. The trematode was found in the urinary bladder of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., taken from the River Teify in mid-Wales. This ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 1492-1493 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The present record of C. metoecus in Britain is new. It has previously been recorded only in Austria1, Sweden (=C. suecicum Nybelin, 1933)2 and Ireland3, and appears to have a more sparse geographical distribution than the allied species, (7. farionis, which is known to have a circumpolar ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 975-976 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A cold methanol extract of the solid bitumen from the Soxhlet extraction was added to the anion-exchange column (4x1 cm.) and allowed to pass into the resin giving a dark brown band at the surface. The column was then eluted with methanol until the optical density of the effluent had fallen to the ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 3 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The results of limnological studies on a small, 35-ha, triangular man-made lake and a small adjacent fish pond in the coastal savanna of Ghana are described.2. The lake, which has a renewal time of approximately 0.96 years, is subject to large, predictable seasonal changes. Water volume and surface area rapidly reach maximum values in the wet season from April to June despite the low runoff values which average only 1.2% of the precipitation. Minimum values occur in the dry season when up to 76% of the lake area may be exposed. Most of the water is lost by evaporation which may amount to 193 cm annually.3. The annual cycle in water temperature follows that in solar radiation with peaks towards the end of the dry season in March to April and deep troughs in the wet season from April to June. During the dry season the water column is characterized by greater stability, a higher degree of stratification, and a much higher amplitude of diurnal temperature change (4-5°C) than in the wet season (1°C). Isothermal conditions tend to be approached nocturnally and even during the day in the wet season.4. The ionic content of the water is low and dominated by bicarbonate, sodium, silica and iron. During the wet season flood water results in a decline in conductivity from 214 to 30 μmhos/cm2, a decrease in pH and transparency, and an increase in oxidizable organic material. Except for the conductivity these values return to normal in about 6 weeks as a result of rapid decomposition of allochthonous materials.5. The oxygen pulse is strong and photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton high during the dry season whereas in the wet season the converse is true. As a result of the low concentration of organic carbon (0.10–0.35%) in the sediments their oxygen demands are low. Consequently, dissolved oxygen values near the sediment are relatively high and oxygen stratification poorly-developed. Most of the organic carbon appears to be recycled in the water column rather than in the sediments as is generally the case in tropical ecosystems.6. Rooted vegetation became permanently established in the fish pond but not i n the lake itself. Emergent and floating vegetation which grows profusely in the draw-down area in the wet season is for the most part exported from the system by wind and biological agencies and, therefore, contributes little to the energy and mineral budgets of the lake. Primary production in the water column is mainly by Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae and is low during the dry season (1.35 gC/m2/day) and very low in the wet season. Possible reasons for the low level of primary production are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 23 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The effects of grazing by Lymnaca peregra and Planorbis planorbis on Ceratophyllum demersum epiphyton were investigated under simulated natural conditions.2. Grazing resulted in significant reductions in algal cell densities, number of algal taxa and in diversity. Grazing did not influence equi-tabilily values.3. The use of Ivlev's Electivity index demonstrated positive and negative selection by feeding snails for large, pedunculate, and small, adnate algae, respectively.4. Inoculation of artificial surfaces revealed that 61.1% and 62.5% of the algal taxa presenl in the diet of L. peregra and P. planorbis, respectively (mainly the smaller species), were able to survive passage through the gut, resettle and grow.5. The results are discussed with particular reference to the survival strategies available to the epiphytes, and the possible mutual benefits which algae and snails may derive from coexistence.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The behavioural responses of the freshwater pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata to homogenates of various aquatic macrophytes were investigated with the aid of diffusion olfactometers.2. Of the eleven species studied, three lacked any attractants or arrestants, two contained weak arrestants, and three induced strong repellent effects. Only two, Apium nodiflorum and Lemna paucicostata, induced significant attractant and arrestant effects comparable to those obtained with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) controls.3. Decaying Lemna paucicostata homogenate proved to be a significantly stronger attractant and arrestant than fresh homogenate. Evidence is given that these effects are mainly due to low molecular weight compounds (〈1000 mol. wt) of which the major end products of microbial decomposition, short chain carboxylic acids (C2-C5), are likely to be the most important. However, as carboxylic acids account for only a fraction of the total response, other low and high molecular weight compounds are also implicated.4. The ecological relevance of these results is discussed with particular reference to the hypothesis that the relationship between the snails and macrophytes is essentially mutualistic.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 19 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The behavioural responses of six species of British freshwater gastropods to chemical gradients of short chain carboxylic acids (C-2 to C-5, C-8) and maltose were investigated by means of diffusion olfactometers.2. The species were ranked as follows on the basis of the number of significant behavioural responses to the test chemicals: Lymnaea peregra 〉 Planorbis contortus 〉 Physa fontinalis 〉 Planorbis planorbis 〉 Bithynia tentaculata 〉 Planorbis vortex. These differences were not a result of differences in activity but reflect real differences in ehemoreception.3. Propanoate (C-3) was a significant attractant or arrestant to five snail species, C-4, C-8 and maltose to four species and C-5 to three species. Acetate (C-2) was a significant attractant to L. peregra and P. fontinalis but it was the only acid to act as a repellent, to P. planorbis and B. tentaculata.4. Lymnaea peregra continued to respond to repeated butanoate application. Response levels could be enhanced by increasing concentration (minimum thresholds 10-4M to 10−5 M), pH (above 6) and food deprivation.5. The ecological relevance of the results are discussed with particular reference to the distributional patterns of the chemicals and snails and the feeding niches of the latter.
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