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  • 1
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    Subtle precursors of volcanic eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise detected by extensometers (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Basle, Wiley, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 135-159, pp. L06315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Strain ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; GRL ; Bachelery ; 8419 ; Volcanology: ; Volcano ; monitoring ; (7280) ; 8414 ; Eruption ; mechanisms ; and ; flow ; emplacement ; 8494 ; Instruments ; and ; techniques
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Probing molecular dynamics at the nanoscale via an individual paramagnetic centre (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
    Description: Article Nitrogen vacancy centres in diamond form spin-1 defects which may be exploited as sensitive probes of nanoscale magnetic phenomena. Here, the authors use individual nitrogen vacancies to perform nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the 1 H spins of adsorbed organic molecules. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9527 Authors: T. Staudacher, N. Raatz, S. Pezzagna, J. Meijer, F. Reinhard, C. A. Meriles, J. Wrachtrup
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Towards continuous quantification of lava extrusion rate: results from the multidisciplinary analysis of the 2 January 2010 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-09
    Description: The dynamics of the 2–12 January 2010 effusive eruption at Piton de la Fournaise volcano were examined through seismic and infrasound records, time-lapse photography, SO 2 flux measurements, deformation data and direct observations. Digital elevation models were constructed for four periods of the eruption, thus providing an assessment of the temporal evolution of the morphology, the volume and the extrusion rate of the lava flow. These data were compared to the continuous recording of the seismic and infrasonic waves, and a linear relationship was found between the seismic energy of the tremor and the lava extrusion rate. This relationship is supported by data from three other summit eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise and gives total volume and average lava extrusion rate in good agreement with previous studies. We can therefore provide an estimate of the lava extrusion rate for the January 2010 eruption with a very high temporal resolution. We found an average lava extrusion rate of 2.4 m 3 S −1 with a peak of 106.6 m 3 S −1 during the initial lava fountaining phase. We use the inferred average lava extrusion rate during the lava fountaining phase (30.2 m 3 S −1 ) to estimate the value of the initial overpressure in the magma reservoir, which we found to range from 3.7×10 6 Pa to 5.9×10 6 Pa. Finally, based on the estimated initial overpressure, the volume of magma expelled during the lava fountaining phase and geodetic data, we inferred the volume of the magma reservoir using a simple Mogi model, between 0.25km 3 and 0.54km 3 , which is in good agreement with previous studies.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Seismic anisotropy and its precursory change before eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-13
    Description: Piton de la Fournaise Volcano exhibits frequent eruptions preceded by seismic swarms and is a good target to test hypotheses about magmatically induced variations in seismic wave properties. We use the permanent station network and a portable broadband network to compare seismic anisotropy measured via shear wave splitting with geodetic displacements, ratios of compressional to shear velocity (Vp/Vs), earthquake focal mechanisms and ambient noise correlation analysis of surface wave velocities, and to examine velocity and stress changes from 2000 through 2012. Fast directions align radially to the central cone and parallel to surface cracks and fissures, suggesting stress-controlled cracks. High Vp/Vs ratios under the summit compared with low ratios under the flank suggest spatial variations in the proportion of fluid-filled versus gas-filled cracks. Secular variations of fast directions (ϕ) and delay times (dt) between split shear waves are interpreted to sense changing crack densities and pressure. Delay times tend to increase while surface wave velocity decreases before eruptions. Rotations of ϕ may be caused by changes in either stress direction or fluid pressure. These changes usually correlate with GPS baseline changes. Changes in shear wave splitting measurements made on multiplets yield several populations with characteristic delay times, measured incoming polarizations and fast directions, which change their proportion as a function of time. An eruption sequence on 14 October 2010 yielded over 2000 shear wave splitting measurements in a 14-hour period, allowing high-time-resolution measurements to characterize the sequence. Stress directions from a propagating dike model qualitatively fit the temporal change in splitting.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Eruption forerunners from multiparameter monitoring and application for eruptions time predictability (Piton de la Fournaise) (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Volcanic eruptions impact on societal risk, and volcanic hazard assessment is a necessary ingredient for decision-makers. However, the prediction of volcanic eruptions remains challenging due to the complexity and the non-linearity of volcanic processes. Identified forerunners such as increasing seismicity or deformation of the volcanic edifice prior to eruption are not deterministic. In this study, we use statistical methods to identify and discriminate precursory patterns to eruptions, on three sets of observables of Piton de la Fournaise volcano. We analyzed the short-term (i.e. the inter-eruptive period) time series of the seismicity rate, the deformation and the seismic velocity changes (deduced from seismic noise cross-correlations) over the period 1999–2006, with two main goals. First, we characterize the average pre-eruptive time patterns before 22 eruptions using superposed epoch analysis for the three observables. Using daily rate values, we resolve (1) a velocity change within 100–50 days from the eruptions onsets, then a plateau value up to eruption onset; (2) a power law increase in seismicity rate from noise level 15–10 days before eruption time; (3) an increase of displacement rate on the eruption day. These results support a three step mechanism leading to magma transfers toward the surface. Second we use pattern recognition techniques and the formalization of error diagrams to quantify the predictive power of each forerunner either as used independently or as combined to each other. We show that when seismicity rate alone performs the best prediction in the failure to predict versus alarm duration space, the combination of the displacement and seismicity data reduces the false alarm rate. We further propose a tool which explores the prediction results in order to optimize prediction strategy for decision-makers, as a function of the risk value.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Plutonium-fission xenon found in Earth's mantle (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-19
    Description: Data from mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses indicate that the short-lived radionuclide plutonium-244 that was present during an early stage of the development of the solar system is responsible for roughly 30 percent of the fissiogenic xenon excesses in the interior of Earth today. The rest of the fissiogenic xenon can be ascribed to the spontaneous fission of still live uranium-238. This result, in combination with the refined determination of xenon-129 excesses from extinct iodine-129, implies that the accretion of Earth was finished roughly 50 million to 70 million years after solar system formation and that the atmosphere was formed by mantle degassing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kunz -- Staudacher -- Allegre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):877-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. Kunz, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Laboratoire de Geochimie et Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 1758, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. T. Staudacher, Institut de Physique du.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Argon-lead isotopic correlation in mid-atlantic ridge basalts (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-29
    Description: Step-heating analyses for Mid-Atlantic Ridge glass samples show that maximum 40Ar/36Ar values correlate with 206,207,208Pb/204Pb. These correlations hold for the whole Atlantic Ocean and therefore are unlikely to result from shallow-level contamination processes. Instead, they are taken as mixing hyperbolae between the degassed-depleted upper mantle and a recycled component characterized by high 206Pb/204Pb ratios (19 to 21) and low 40Ar/36Ar ratios (300 to 1000). These relations imply that argon may also be a tracer of mantle recycling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarda -- Moreira -- Staudacher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 29;283(5402):666-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Geochimie et Cosmochimie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a (5-nanometer)3 sample volume (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to nanoscale samples has remained an elusive goal, achieved only with great experimental effort at subkelvin temperatures. We demonstrated detection of NMR signals from a (5-nanometer)(3) voxel of various fluid and solid organic samples under ambient conditions. We used an atomic-size magnetic field sensor, a single nitrogen-vacancy defect center, embedded ~7 nanometers under the surface of a bulk diamond to record NMR spectra of various samples placed on the diamond surface. Its detection volume consisted of only 10(4) nuclear spins with a net magnetization of only 10(2) statistically polarized spins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staudacher, T -- Shi, F -- Pezzagna, S -- Meijer, J -- Du, J -- Meriles, C A -- Reinhard, F -- Wrachtrup, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):561-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1231675.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉3rd Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Eruption forerunners from multiparameter monitoring and application for eruptions time predictability (Piton de la Fournaise) (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-03
    Description: [1]  Volcanic eruptions impact on societal risk, and volcanic hazard assessment is a necessary ingredient for decision-makers. However, the prediction of volcanic eruptions remains challenging due to the complexity and the non-linearity of volcanic processes. Identified forerunners such as increasing seismicity or deformation of the volcanic edifice prior to eruption are not deterministic. In this study, we use statistical methods to identify and discriminate precursory patterns to eruptions, on three sets of observables of Piton de la Fournaise volcano. We analyzed the short-term (i.e. the inter-eruptive period) time series of the seismicity rate, the deformation and the seismic velocity changes (deduced from seismic noise cross-correlations) over the period 1999–2006, with two main goals. First, we characterize the average pre-eruptive time patterns before 22 eruptions using superposed epoch analysis for the three observables. Using daily rate values, we resolve (1) a velocity change within 100–50 days from the eruptions onsets, then a plateau value up to eruption onset; (2) a power law increase in seismicity rate from noise level 15–10 days before eruption time; (3) an increase of displacement rate on the eruption day. These results support a three step mechanism leading to magma transfers toward the surface. Second we use pattern recognition techniques and the formalization of error diagrams to quantify the predictive power of each forerunner either as used independently or as combined to each other. We show that when seismicity rate alone performs the best prediction in the failure to predict versus alarm duration space, the combination of the displacement and seismicity data reduces the false alarm rate. We further propose a tool which explores the prediction results in order to optimize prediction strategy for decision-makers, as a function of the risk value.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ^4^0Ar^3^6Ar in MORB glasses: constraints on atmosphere and mantle evolution
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 72 (1985), S. 357-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(85)90058-5
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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