Publication Date:
2012-03-06
Description:
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by somatic cell reprogramming involves global epigenetic remodelling. Whereas several proteins are known to regulate chromatin marks associated with the distinct epigenetic states of cells before and after reprogramming, the role of specific chromatin-modifying enzymes in reprogramming remains to be determined. To address how chromatin-modifying proteins influence reprogramming, we used short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to target genes in DNA and histone methylation pathways, and identified positive and negative modulators of iPSC generation. Whereas inhibition of the core components of the polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2, including the histone 3 lysine 27 methyltransferase EZH2, reduced reprogramming efficiency, suppression of SUV39H1, YY1 and DOT1L enhanced reprogramming. Specifically, inhibition of the H3K79 histone methyltransferase DOT1L by shRNA or a small molecule accelerated reprogramming, significantly increased the yield of iPSC colonies, and substituted for KLF4 and c-Myc (also known as MYC). Inhibition of DOT1L early in the reprogramming process is associated with a marked increase in two alternative factors, NANOG and LIN28, which play essential functional roles in the enhancement of reprogramming. Genome-wide analysis of H3K79me2 distribution revealed that fibroblast-specific genes associated with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition lose H3K79me2 in the initial phases of reprogramming. DOT1L inhibition facilitates the loss of this mark from genes that are fated to be repressed in the pluripotent state. These findings implicate specific chromatin-modifying enzymes as barriers to or facilitators of reprogramming, and demonstrate how modulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes can be exploited to more efficiently generate iPSCs with fewer exogenous transcription factors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501145/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501145/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onder, Tamer T -- Kara, Nergis -- Cherry, Anne -- Sinha, Amit U -- Zhu, Nan -- Bernt, Kathrin M -- Cahan, Patrick -- Marcarci, B Ogan -- Unternaehrer, Juli -- Gupta, Piyush B -- Lander, Eric S -- Armstrong, Scott A -- Daley, George Q -- CA140575/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK092760/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 4;483(7391):598-602. doi: 10.1038/nature10953.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22388813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
*Cellular Reprogramming/genetics
;
Chromatin/genetics/*metabolism
;
DNA Methylation/genetics
;
DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
;
Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism
;
Histones/metabolism
;
Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
;
Humans
;
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
;
Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
;
Methylation
;
Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism
;
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
;
Polycomb-Group Proteins
;
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
;
RNA, Small Interfering
;
RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
;
Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
;
Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
;
YY1 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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