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  • 1
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    Lower-Middle Jurassic facies patterns in the NW Afghan-Tajik Basin of southern Uzbekistan and their geodynamic context (2015)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Based on 11 sections, the palaeoenvironments and depositional history of the NW Afghan–Tajik Basin in southern Uzbekistan have been reconstructed for the time interval of the Early Jurassic–Early Callovian. The earliest sediments, resting on Palaeozoic basement rocks, date from the Early Jurassic Period. Up to the end of the Early Bajocian time, more than 500 m of non-marine sediments accumulated as a result of extensional tectonics inducing active subsidence. In the Late Bajocian time interval, transgression led to the establishment of siliciclastic ramps that were influenced by storm processes. After a condensed unit in the Middle Bathonian, sedimentation resumed in an outer carbonate ramp–basinal setting as the subsidence rate outpaced the diminished siliciclastic sediment supply. The change from siliciclastic to carbonate sedimentation in the Middle Jurassic Period is thought to be multifactorial, reflecting levelling of relief in the hinterland, the subsidence moving to a thermally more quiet stage and a change from humid to arid climatic conditions. These features are also observed in the area of present-day Iran. Similarly, the timing of the transgression coincides with that in eastern and northern Iran, stressing the regional significance of this event.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 2
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    Materials science. Soft acoustic metamaterials (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunet, Thomas -- Leng, Jacques -- Mondain-Monval, Olivier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241727.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5295, I2M-APy, 33405 Talence, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Development of the annelid axochord: insights into notochord evolution (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: The origin of chordates has been debated for more than a century, with one key issue being the emergence of the notochord. In vertebrates, the notochord develops by convergence and extension of the chordamesoderm, a population of midline cells of unique molecular identity. We identify a population of mesodermal cells in a developing invertebrate, the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, that converges and extends toward the midline and expresses a notochord-specific combination of genes. These cells differentiate into a longitudinal muscle, the axochord, that is positioned between central nervous system and axial blood vessel and secretes a strong collagenous extracellular matrix. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that contractile mesodermal midline cells existed in bilaterian ancestors. We propose that these cells, via vacuolization and stiffening, gave rise to the chordate notochord.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lauri, Antonella -- Brunet, Thibaut -- Handberg-Thorsager, Mette -- Fischer, Antje H L -- Simakov, Oleg -- Steinmetz, Patrick R H -- Tomer, Raju -- Keller, Philipp J -- Arendt, Detlev -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1365-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1253396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), D-69117 Heidelberg. ; Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), D-69117 Heidelberg. Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), D-69117 Heidelberg. Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. detlev.arendt@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdominal Muscles/cytology/embryology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mesoderm/cytology/*embryology ; Notochord/cytology/*embryology ; Phylogeny ; Polychaeta/*classification/*embryology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Teleost Fish-Specific Preferential Retention of Pigmentation Gene-Containing Families After Whole Genome Duplications in Vertebrates (2018)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-05
    Description: Vertebrate pigmentation is a highly diverse trait mainly determined by neural crest cell derivatives. It has been suggested that two rounds (1R/2R) of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) at the basis of vertebrates allowed changes in gene regulation associated with neural crest evolution. Subsequently, the teleost fish lineage experienced other WGDs, including the teleost-specific Ts3R before teleost radiation and the more recent Ss4R at the basis of salmonids. As the teleost lineage harbors the highest number of pigment cell types and pigmentation diversity in vertebrates, WGDs might have contributed to the evolution and diversification of the pigmentation gene repertoire in teleosts. We have compared the impact of the basal vertebrate 1R/2R duplications with that of the teleost-specific Ts3R and salmonid-specific Ss4R WGDs on 181 gene families containing genes involved in pigmentation. We show that pigmentation genes (PGs) have been globally more frequently retained as duplicates than other genes after Ts3R and Ss4R but not after the early 1R/2R. This is also true for non-pigmentary paralogs of PGs, suggesting that the function in pigmentation is not the sole key driver of gene retention after WGDs. On the long-term, specific categories of PGs have been repeatedly preferentially retained after ancient 1R/2R and Ts3R WGDs, possibly linked to the molecular nature of their proteins ( e.g. , DNA binding transcriptional regulators) and their central position in protein-protein interaction networks. Taken together, our results support a major role of WGDs in the diversification of the pigmentation gene repertoire in the teleost lineage, with a possible link with the diversity of pigment cell lineages observed in these animals compared to other vertebrates.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 5
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    Getting "function" right (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-08
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Light-regulated collective contractility in a multicellular choanoflagellate (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Collective cell contractions that generate global tissue deformations are a signature feature of animal movement and morphogenesis. However, the origin of collective contractility in animals remains unclear. While surveying the Caribbean island of Curacao for choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, we isolated a previously undescribed species (here named 〈i〉Choanoeca flexa〈/i〉 sp. nov.) that forms multicellular cup-shaped colonies. The colonies rapidly invert their curvature in response to changing light levels, which they detect through a rhodopsin–cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. Inversion requires actomyosin-mediated apical contractility and allows alternation between feeding and swimming behavior. 〈i〉C. flexa〈/i〉 thus rapidly converts sensory inputs directly into multicellular contractions. These findings may inform reconstructions of hypothesized animal ancestors that existed before the evolution of specialized sensory and contractile cells.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Multilevel Selection Theory and the Evolutionary Functions of Transposable Elements (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: One of several issues at play in the renewed debate over "junk DNA" is the organizational level at which genomic features might be seen as selected, and thus to exhibit function, as etiologically defined. The intuition frequently expressed by molecular geneticists that junk DNA is functional because it serves to "speed evolution" or as an "evolutionary repository" could be recast as a claim about selection between species (or clades) rather than within them, but this is not often done. Here, we review general arguments for the importance of selection at levels above that of organisms in evolution, and develop them further for a common genomic feature: the carriage of transposable elements (TEs). In many species, not least our own, TEs comprise a large fraction of all nuclear DNA, and whether they individually or collectively contribute to fitness—or are instead junk— is a subject of ongoing contestation. Even if TEs generally owe their origin to selfish selection at the lowest level (that of genomes), their prevalence in extant organisms and the prevalence of extant organisms bearing them must also respond to selection within species (on organismal fitness) and between species (on rates of speciation and extinction). At an even higher level, the persistence of clades may be affected (positively or negatively) by TE carriage. If indeed TEs speed evolution, it is at these higher levels of selection that such a function might best be attributed to them as a class.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Distinguishing between "Function" and "Effect" in Genome Biology (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-01
    Description: Much confusion in genome biology results from conflation of possible meanings of the word "function." We suggest that, in this connection, attention should be paid to evolutionary biologists and philosophers who have previously dealt with this problem. We need only decide that although all genomic structures have effects, only some of them should be said to have functions. Although it will very often be difficult or impossible to establish function (strictly defined), it should not automatically be assumed. We enjoin genomicists in particular to pay greater attention to parsing biological effects.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Getting "function" right [Letters (Online Only)] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-20
    Description: Addressing critiques (1, 2) of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements’ (ENCODE) claims to have dispelled the notion of “junk DNA,” Kellis et al. (3) “review the strengths and limitations of biochemical, evolutionary, and genetic approaches for defining functional DNA segments.” The authors consider that “both scientists and nonscientists have an...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    The generality of Constructive Neutral Evolution (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-19
    Print ISSN: 0169-3867
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-8404
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Published by Springer
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