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  • 1
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    Invariant chain peptides in most HLA-DR molecules of an antigen-processing mutant (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-11
    Description: Class II major histocompatibility complexes bind peptides in an endosome-like compartment. When the class II null cell line 721.174 was transfected with class II DR3 genes, DR molecules were produced in normal amounts. However, the DR molecules were abnormally conformed and unstable because deletion of an antigen-processing gene had impaired intracellular formation of most class II-peptide complexes. Yet, 70 percent of the DR molecules still bore peptides, 80 percent of which were 21- to 24-amino acid fragments of the class II-associated invariant chain. These peptides were rare on DR3 from control cells. Thus, a defect in the main antigen-processing pathway revealed a process in which DR molecules bind long peptides derived from proteins present in the same compartment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sette, A -- Ceman, S -- Kubo, R T -- Sakaguchi, K -- Appella, E -- Hunt, D F -- Davis, T A -- Michel, H -- Shabanowitz, J -- Rudersdorf, R -- AI15486/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI18634/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM37537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1801-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1465617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; HLA-DR Antigens/*genetics/*metabolism ; HLA-DR3 Antigen/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: Much of our knowledge of galaxies comes from analysing the radiation emitted by their stars, which depends on the present number of each type of star in the galaxy. The present number depends on the stellar initial mass function (IMF), which describes the distribution of stellar masses when the population formed, and knowledge of it is critical to almost every aspect of galaxy evolution. More than 50 years after the first IMF determination, no consensus has emerged on whether it is universal among different types of galaxies. Previous studies indicated that the IMF and the dark matter fraction in galaxy centres cannot both be universal, but they could not convincingly discriminate between the two possibilities. Only recently were indications found that massive elliptical galaxies may not have the same IMF as the Milky Way. Here we report a study of the two-dimensional stellar kinematics for the large representative ATLAS(3D) sample of nearby early-type galaxies spanning two orders of magnitude in stellar mass, using detailed dynamical models. We find a strong systematic variation in IMF in early-type galaxies as a function of their stellar mass-to-light ratios, producing differences of a factor of up to three in galactic stellar mass. This implies that a galaxy's IMF depends intimately on the galaxy's formation history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cappellari, Michele -- McDermid, Richard M -- Alatalo, Katherine -- Blitz, Leo -- Bois, Maxime -- Bournaud, Frederic -- Bureau, M -- Crocker, Alison F -- Davies, Roger L -- Davis, Timothy A -- de Zeeuw, P T -- Duc, Pierre-Alain -- Emsellem, Eric -- Khochfar, Sadegh -- Krajnovic, Davor -- Kuntschner, Harald -- Lablanche, Pierre-Yves -- Morganti, Raffaella -- Naab, Thorsten -- Oosterloo, Tom -- Sarzi, Marc -- Scott, Nicholas -- Serra, Paolo -- Weijmans, Anne-Marie -- Young, Lisa M -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 25;484(7395):485-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10972.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK. cappellari@astro.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22538610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    A black-hole mass measurement from molecular gas kinematics in NGC4526 (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: The masses of the supermassive black holes found in galaxy bulges are correlated with a multitude of galaxy properties, leading to suggestions that galaxies and black holes may evolve together. The number of reliably measured black-hole masses is small, and the number of methods for measuring them is limited, holding back attempts to understand this co-evolution. Directly measuring black-hole masses is currently possible with stellar kinematics (in early-type galaxies), ionized-gas kinematics (in some spiral and early-type galaxies) and in rare objects that have central maser emission. Here we report that by modelling the effect of a black hole on the kinematics of molecular gas it is possible to fit interferometric observations of CO emission and thereby accurately estimate black-hole masses. We study the dynamics of the gas in the early-type galaxy NGC 4526, and obtain a best fit that requires the presence of a central dark object of 4.5(+4.2)(-3.1) x 10(8) solar masses (3sigma confidence limit). With the next-generation millimetre-wavelength interferometers these observations could be reproduced in galaxies out to 75 megaparsecs in less than 5 hours of observing time. The use of molecular gas as a kinematic tracer should thus allow one to estimate black-hole masses in hundreds of galaxies in the local Universe, many more than are accessible with current techniques.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Timothy A -- Bureau, Martin -- Cappellari, Michele -- Sarzi, Marc -- Blitz, Leo -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 21;494(7437):328-30. doi: 10.1038/nature11819. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching-bei-Munchen, Germany. tdavis@eso.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23364690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    The ATLAS3D project - XXI. Correlations between gradients of local escape velocity and stellar populations in early-type galaxies (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-09
    Description: We explore the connection between the local escape velocity, V esc , and the stellar population properties in the ATLAS 3D survey, a complete, volume-limited sample of nearby early-type galaxies. We make use of ugriz photometry to construct Multi-Gaussian Expansion models of the surface brightnesses of our galaxies. We are able to fit the full range of surface brightness profiles found in our sample, and in addition we reproduce the results of state-of-the-art photometry in the literature with residuals of 0.04 mag. We utilize these photometric models and SAURON integral-field spectroscopy, combined with Jeans dynamical modelling, to determine the local V esc derived from the surface brightness. We find that the local V esc is tightly correlated with the Mg b and Fe5015 line strengths and optical colours, and anti-correlated with the Hβ line strength. In the case of the Mg b and colour– V esc relations we find that the relation within individual galaxies follows the global relation between different galaxies. We intentionally ignored any uncertain contribution due to dark matter since we are seeking an empirical description of stellar population gradients in early-type galaxies that is ideal for quantitative comparison with model predictions. We also make use of single stellar population (SSP) modelling to transform our line strength index measurements into the SSP-equivalent parameters age ( t ), metallicity ([Z/H]) and α-enhancement [α/Fe]. The residuals from the relation are correlated with age, [α/Fe], molecular gas mass and local environmental density. We identify a population of galaxies that occur only at low V esc that exhibit negative gradients in the Mg b – and Colour– V esc relations. These galaxies typically have young central stellar populations and contain significant amounts of molecular gas and dust. Combining these results with N -body simulations of binary mergers we use the Mg b – V esc relation to constrain the possible number of dry mergers experienced by the local early-type galaxy population – a typical massive early-type galaxy can have experienced only ~1.5 major mergers before becoming a significant outlier in the Mg b – V esc relation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetative Propagation in the Coconut (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 904-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] But the induction of roots, especially near the base of the coconut stem, has never been difficult. The lowest part of the stem, generally called the bole, which is conical and buried in the soil, is the main root-producing region. Root production begins at the lowest point, the apex of the cone. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196904a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Root-Pressures in Palms (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 192 (1961), S. 277-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Species of trees studied Number No. of roots connected for No. of roots showing Maximum height (cm.) of water column Suction pressure Pumping pressure Suction Pumping Sucked Pumped Coco8 nucifera Borassus flabellifer Areca catechu Livistonia chinensis Phoenix sylvestris Ptychosperma ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/192277a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Æstivation in Malvaceae (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 201 (1964), S. 515-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A malvaceous flower is pentamerous and the five twisted petals are free to the base where they are attached to the monadelphous staminal tube. The petals are shed with the tube when the flower withers. The individual petals are asymmetrical, a character correlated with twisted aestivation3. When ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/201515a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest-structure of a Social Wasp varying with Siting of Leaves (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 966-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Forty-seven nests, comprising eleven colonies, were built on leaves of the cultivated banana (Musa sapientum), and fifty-three nests (five colonies) on leaves of the dicotyledon, Diospyros discolor. It was found that the number of vertical rows of cells differed in the nests on the two types of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/210966a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetry and yield inCocos nucifera L. (1962)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 18 (1962), S. 321-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Blätter der Kokospalme (Cocos nucifera L.) sind in links- oder rechtsdrehenden Spiralen angeordnet. Zählungen an einem grossen Material indischer und nichtindischer Palmen (3028 bzw. 13842 Bäume) ergab ein geringfügiges Überweigen der linksdrehenden Blattspiralen (52,05% bzw. 52,90%). Der Drehsinn der Spiralen erwies sich, wie Kreuzungsversuche zeigten, als genetisch nicht fixiert. In fünfjährigem Feldversuch (1955–1960) lieferten Palmen mit linksdrehenden Blattspiralen einen signifikant grösseren Ertrag an Kokosnüssen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02151853
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliar spirality and aestivation of flowers inHibiscus cannabinus Linn. (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 348-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary InHibiscus cannabinus a negative association exists between the foliar spirality and the aestivation of corolla. Moreover, it is seen that the fruits developed from left-twiting flowers of left-spiralled plants and those of the right-twisting flowers of right-spiralled plants are better in quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923027
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