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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of misfit and threading dislocations on PV device design
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 86 (1990), S. 912-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(90)90824-5
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination polymers. IX (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 18 (1980), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Poly-(butandiol-1,4-adipat) und Poly-(diethylenglycolsuccinat) polyester und ihre «ionisierten» Derivate — mit Mg2+ — und Zn2+-Ionengehalt in verschiedenen stöchiometrischen Verhältnissen zu den endständigen COOH-Gruppen der Polyester — wurden im Derivatographen untersucht. Die thermische Zersetzung der metallhaltigen Polyester unterscheidet sich wesentlich von nicht-ionisierten Polyestern. Diese Unterschiede sind mit den sich wiederholenden chemischen Einheiten der Polyester und der chemischen Beschaffenheit der Metallionen verbunden, und proportional dem Anteil derselben. Es wird eine Erklärung des katalytischen Effekts der Metallionen auf den Zersetzungsvorgang der Polyester gegeben.
    Abstract: Резюме С помощью дериватогр афа была исследованы полиэфиры полибутан диол-1,4адипиновой кислоты и полидиэтил енгликоль янтарной к ислоты и их «ионные»производны е, содержащие ионы Mg2+ и Zn2+ р азличного стехиометрического состава относительн о концевых СООН групп п олиэфиров. Установле но, что термическое разложе ние металлосодержащ их полиэфиров значител ьно отличается от раз ложения «неионных» полиэфир ов. Эти различия обуслов лены химически повто ряющейся цепью полиэфиров и хи мической пррпдой ионов металл а и зависит от количес тва последних. Представл ено объяснение каталитического дей ствия ионов металла н а процесс разложения полиэфир ов.
    Notes: Abstract Poly-(butanediol-1,4-adipate) and poly-(diethyleneglycol-succinate) polyesters and their “ionized” derivatives, containing Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions with different stoichiometric ratios to the chain-end COOH groups of the polyesters have been investigated by derivatograph. The thermal decompositions of the metal-containing polyesters differ significantly from those of the unionized polyesters. These differences are connected with the chemical repeating unit of the polyesters and the chemical nature of the metal ions, and proportional to the amount of the latter. An explanation is given of the catalytic effect of metal ions on the process of decomposition of the polyesters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination polymers. VIII. IR spectroscopic studies on the mechanism of the reaction between polyesters and zinc oxide (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2803-2810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article was written for the purpose of investigating the mechanisms of reactions between unsaturated polyester resins and base anhydridelike metal oxides (CaO, MgO, ZnO) which cause an increase in viscosity. As a model system ethyl-hydrogen-succinate (ESH) and ZnO were reacted in CCl4 and complexes that contained Zn-hydroxocarboxylate units took an essential part in this reaction. Solubility measurements of the model compounds and infrared (IR) spectra of the reaction products led to the conclusion that further molecular associates were formed from the mixed metal-hydroxocarboxylate complex by the carbonyl oxygens of ester groups, which resulted in end products of polymeric structure. It is suggested by IR spectroscopical analogies between the model compounds and reaction products of an adipic acid/butanediol-1,4 polyester with ZnO that similar reactions can account for the polyesters as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180905
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination polymers. XV. Influence of diols on the reaction between unsaturated polyesters and Mg ionsAuthor proofs received May 10, 1983 (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2225-2236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An increase in viscosity of reaction mixtures of low molecular mass, COOH, and alcoholic OH-terminated polyesters with MgO is considerably reduced by the presence of diols in the system. This effect is analogous with that described for the presence of water. Joint presence of water and diol results in an additive effect. The mechanism of this effect can be interpreted by coordination chemistry. In this system both diol and water saturate the coordination sphere of Mg2+ ion (as ligands). Consequently, the coordination of donor groups of polyester (terminal OH and ester carbonyl groups) is suppressed by reducing the extent of linking the polyester molecules with coordination bonds; that is, the average molecular mass of the system. Moreover, coordination of low-molecular ligands modifies the final molecular structure that occurs in the system. In addition, some kinetic effects are revealed in the process because the system is diffusion-controlled by the ever-increasing viscosity. This effect is also favorable to the coordination of low molecular mass ligands. All of these factors lead to a reduction in the increase of viscosity in the present system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210807
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination polymers from polycondensates and metal oxides. II. Effect of water molecules on the reactions of polyesters with Mgo and ZnoPaper presented at the IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecules, Aberdeen, September 10-14, 1973. (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 2155-2163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyester molecules containing free carboxyl end-groups react with MgO and ZnO as polydendate ligands to form donor-acceptor complexes, followed by the increase in molecular weight of the original polyester. The role of water in these coordination reactions was studied. It was demonstrated that the water can catalyze the reactions by promoting an ionization effect. In some case it can coordinate to the metal compound and effectively compete with the other ligands present.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170121001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the isoelectric focusing patterns of serum and cerebrospinal fluid transthyretin (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 14 (1993), S. 1079-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transthyretin isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from human serum and cerebrospinal fluid, dissociated into its subunits, was subjected to isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing 8 mole/L urea. The isoelectric focusing multi-component patterns of serum and cerebrospinal fluid transthyretin differ in a characteristic way, having only one main protein zone in common. Double diffusion immunotest and immunoblotting revealed the immunological identity of serum and cerebrospinal fluid transthyretin and of the main components separated by isoelectric focusing. The different isoelectric focusing zones can be consistently explained when they are ascribed to structurally identical transthyretin subunits associated with different ligands specifically occurring in either serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Only the protein zone located at the same pI, in serum and cerebrospinal fluid transthyretin patterns may be assigned to ligand-free subunits. Thus, the typical differences in isoelectric focusing patterns may point to different carrier functions of transthyretin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501401172
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  • 7
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    A primate subfamily of galectins expressed at the maternal-fetal interface that promote immune cell death (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-02
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Turning gold into 'junk': transposable elements utilize central proteins of cellular networks (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-13
    Description: The numerous discovered cases of domesticated transposable element (TE) proteins led to the recognition that TEs are a significant source of evolutionary innovation. However, much less is known about the reverse process, whether and to what degree the evolution of TEs is influenced by the genome of their hosts. We addressed this issue by searching for cases of incorporation of host genes into the sequence of TEs and examined the systems-level properties of these genes using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster genomes. We identified 51 cases where the evolutionary scenario was the incorporation of a host gene fragment into a TE consensus sequence, and we show that both the yeast and fly homologues of the incorporated protein sequences have central positions in the cellular networks. An analysis of selective pressure (Ka/Ks ratio) detected significant selection in 37% of the cases. Recent research on retrovirus-host interactions shows that virus proteins preferentially target hubs of the host interaction networks enabling them to take over the host cell using only a few proteins. We propose that TEs face a similar evolutionary pressure to evolve proteins with high interacting capacities and take some of the necessary protein domains directly from their hosts.
    Keywords: Genomics
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Intraspecific Evolution of Human RCCX Copy Number Variation Traced by Haplotypes of the CYP21A2 Gene (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-23
    Description: The RCCX region is a complex, multiallelic, tandem copy number variation (CNV). Two complete genes, complement component 4 ( C4 ) and steroid 21-hydroxylase ( CYP21A2, formerly CYP21B ), reside in its variable region. RCCX is prone to nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) such as unequal crossover, generating duplications and deletions of RCCX modules, and gene conversion. A series of allele-specific long-range polymerase chain reaction coupled to the whole-gene sequencing of CYP21A2 was developed for molecular haplotyping. By means of the developed techniques, 35 different kinds of CYP21A2 haplotype variant were experimentally determined from 112 unrelated European subjects. The number of the resolved CYP21A2 haplotype variants was increased to 61 by bioinformatic haplotype reconstruction. The CYP21A2 haplotype variants could be assigned to the haplotypic RCCX CNV structures (the copy number of RCCX modules) in most cases. The genealogy network constructed from the CYP21A2 haplotype variants delineated the origin of RCCX structures. The different RCCX structures were located in tight groups. The minority of groups with identical RCCX structure occurred once in the network, implying monophyletic origin, but the majority of groups occurred several times and in different locations, indicating polyphyletic origin. The monophyletic groups were often created by single unequal crossover, whereas recurrent unequal crossover events generated some of the polyphyletic groups. As a result of recurrent NAHR events, more CYP21A2 haplotype variants with different allele patterns belonged to the same RCCX structure. The intraspecific evolution of RCCX CNV described here has provided a reasonable expectation for that of complex, multiallelic, tandem CNVs in humans.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Fine-tuned characterization of RCCX copy number variants and their relationship with extended MHC haplotypes (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-12
    Print ISSN: 1466-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5470
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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