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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave Background Radiation as a Probe of the Contemporary Structure and History of the Universe (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 18 (1980), S. 537-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.18.090180.002541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distortions of the Background Radiation Spectrum (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 721-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] But if departures from the equilibrium spectrum were discovered, what would their meaning be ? We believe that one need not abandon the hot, big-bang theory. There are natural processes which can lead to pronounced distortions of the spectrum, both in the low-frequency (Rayleigh-Jeans) and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/223721a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuations in the Microwave Background Radiation (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 719-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are two important stages in the theory of formation of large-scale systems. One is to do with red-shifts at which radiation pressure is dominant, the second after recombination of the primaeval plasma when perturbations can grow according to the law (8 p/ p)oc (1 + Z)-1 (refs. 4-6) for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/223719a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparently normal γ -ray burst with an unusually low luminosity (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 646-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Much of the progress in understanding γ-ray bursts (GRBs) has come from studies of distant events (redshift z ≈ 1). In the brightest GRBs, the γ-rays are so highly collimated that the events can be seen across the Universe. It has long been suspected that the nearest and most ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02748
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COSMOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE NEUTRINO REST MASS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 375 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33688.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two sources of diffuse X-ray emission from the Galactic Centre (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 364 (1993), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A source of weak extended emission in the Galactic Centre region was discovered in soft X-rays by the Imaging Proportional Counter on the Einstein satellite4 and studied in all subsequent X-ray experiments. The first harder energy image of this source (4-15 keV at 12' resolution) was obtained ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364040a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hard X-ray spectrum of Cyg X-1 (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 279 (1979), S. 506-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Measurements by numerous rocket, satellite and balloon experiments have shown that the Cyg X-l spectrum is variable on different time scales (see rf. 4). In particular, the source exhibits 'flares' and transitions between high and low spectral states5'6. Matteson et al.7 stressed that despite this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/279506a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of matter and radiation in a hot-model universe (1969)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 4 (1969), S. 301-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we continue the investigation initiated by Weymann as to the reason why the spectrum of the residual radiation deviates from a Planck curve. We shall consider the distortions of the spectrum resulting from radiation during the recombination of a primeval plasma. Analytical expressions are obtained for the deviation from an equilibrium spectrum due to Compton scattering by hot electrons. On the basis of the observational data it is concluded that a period of neutral hydrogen in the evolution of the universe is unavoidable. It is shown that any injection of energy att〉1010 sec (red shiftz〈105) leads to deviation from an equilibrium spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00661821
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-scale fluctuations of relic radiation (1970)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 7 (1970), S. 3-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Perturbations of the matter density in a homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model which leads to the formation of galaxies should, at later stages of evolution, cause spatial fluctuations of relic radiation. Silk assumed that an adiabatic connection existed between the density perturbations at the moment of recombination of the initial plasma and fluctuations of the observed temperature of radiation δT/T=δ ϱm /3 ϱm . It is shown in this article that such a simple connection is not applicable due to: (1) The long time of recombination; (2) The fact that when regions withM〈1015 M ⊙ become transparent for radiation, the optical depth to the observer is still large due to Thompson scattering; (3) The spasmodic increase of δ ϱm/ϱm in recombination. As a result the expected temperature fluctuations of relic radiation should be smaller than adiabatic fluctuations. In this article the value of δT/T arising from scattering of radiation on moving electrons is calculated; the velocity field is generated by adiabatic or entropy density perturbations. Fluctuations of the relic radiation due to secondary heating of the intergalactic gas are also estimated. A detailed investigation of the spectrum of fluctuations may, in principle, lead to an understanding of the nature of initial density perturbations since a distinct periodic dependence of the spectral density of perturbations on wavelength (mass) is peculiar to adiabatic perturbations. Practical observations are quite difficult due to the smallness of the effects and the presence of fluctuations connected with discrete sources of radio emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653471
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small scale entropy and adiabatic density perturbations — Antimatter in the Universe (1970)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 9 (1970), S. 368-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluctuations of all scales are equally interesting from the point of view of the characteristics of the singular state and not only those which led to the formation of astronomical objects such as clusters of galaxies, separate galaxies, globular clusters and quasars. In this article estimates are given of the homogeneity of the overall density of hot plasma and the relation between the quantity of baryons and antibaryons at early stages of evolution of the Universe. These estimates are made for small scales, considerably smaller than the scale of the astronomical objects enumerated above. Considerations about the energy balance of hot plasma and distortions of the spectrum of relic radiation due to dissipation of density fluctuations of matter are used for these estimates. The corrected upper limit to early energy injection is given. In our preceding paper (Sunyaev and Zeldovich, 1970) this upper limit was underestimated. Difficulties with a model of the Universe which is symmetric in baryon charge are noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649577
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