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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 6623-6635 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zero field magnetic resonance experiments using semiselective excitation by low frequency pulses are analyzed. The prospects of phase cycling experiments in zero field are discussed and the differences between excitation by low frequency and direct current pulses are outlined. It is demonstrated that despite the selectivity of excitation all three transitions in a three-level system are observed. Deuterium quadrupolar resonance and computer simulations are employed to verify predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 31-34 (1983), S. 1361-1362 
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 15-18 (1980), S. 1191-1192 
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 77 (1988), S. 424-438 
    ISSN: 0022-2364
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 38 (1981), S. 1245-1248 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 79 (1989), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 28 (1995), S. 115-124 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le transport de l'eau dans le béton d'enrobage est l'un des facteurs agissant le plus sur la durabiliteé des constructions en béton, en raison des effets notables qui en résultent sur la perméabilité au gaz, l'échange gazeux et le transport d'haloïdes et, par voie de conséquence, sur la corrosion de l'armature. Le transport de l'eau peut être quantifié simplement en procédant à des essais classiques d'absorption et d'évaporation. Une série d'essais de ce type ont été réalisés à l'EMPA. A cet effet, on a utilisé des carottes de petit diamètre (50 mm) et de différentes longueurs, munies à une extrémité d'une face de coffrage et provenant d'éléments de murs âgés de 4 à 5 ans, et qui ont été stockées dans des conditions climatiques constantes, jusqu'à 1 année et demie avant l'essai d'absorption. Le béton pouvait donc être considéré comme totalement hydraté et la réparitition de l'humidité dans les carottes était homogène au moment du démarrage des essais d'absorption. Quatre catégories de béton, différenciées par leur rapport eau/ciment (0,5; 0,6) et la teneur en air (2% vol.; 5% vol.) ont été examinées. La teneur et la granulométrie des granulats (diam. max. des grains: 32 mm) et, par conséquent, la quote-part volumétrique et la structure ‘externe’ de la pierre de ciment étaient identiques pour toutes les catégories de béton essayées. Il est évident que les essais d'absorption et d'évaporation ne permettent de tirer que des conclusions à caractère global sur le transport de l'eau. Il n'en ressort aucune information sur la répartition géométrique de l'eau pendant les essais; pour cela, il est nécessaire d'avoir recours à des méthodes de mesures tomographiques non destructrices. Pour l'étude en cours, on a utilisé avec succès la radio-tomographie assistée par ordinateur et l'imagerie par résonance magnetique (IRM). En particulier, au moyen de l'IRM au deutérium, il a été possible, lors d'essais d'absorption, de rendre visibles des fronts ascendants; il semble donc raisonnable d'utiliser plus fréquemment cette méthode dans le cadre des recherches sur le transport de l'eau dans le béton d'enrobage. Les résultats des essais ont permis de tirer quelques conclusions plus précises sur le transport de l'eau. On a pu constater, entre autres, que le béton d'enrobage se distinguait de manière évidente, également dans ce domaine, du béton interne et que les dérives observées quant à l'absorption de l'eau, par rapport à la ‘loi de la racine carrée du temps’, ne semblaient pas être provoquées par une répartition non homogène de l'humidité mais par la structure du système poreux capillaire. La comparaison de mesures IRM au deutérium avec des essais d'absorption classiques a permis de définir un modèle de pénétration d'eau dans un système poreux partiellement rempli.
    Notes: Summary One-dimensional water transport in cores of different concrete types with a moulded surface at one end was investigated by the simple measurement of mass changes during suction and by evaporation tests. Non-destructive methods (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray tomography) were applied successfully to the localization of water distribution within the concrete during such tests. Before the suction test was carried out, all samples were stored for 18 months under constant climatic conditions (35% RH, 70% RH, or 90% RH) to avoid inhomogeneous humidity distributions. They were then sealed with aluminium tape (epoxy in the MRI measurement) on all faces except the moulded surface, thus guaranteeing one-dimensional flow.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The depolarization rate of positive muons implanted in a number of nominally pure, cylindrical Nb single crystals (maximal 250 ppm Ta, 100 ppm N + O) was investigated at two temperatures, viz. 14.0 and 36.8 K, in a high transverse field of 7.5 kG with the stroboscopicμSR technique in order to study the nature of the “dip” at 22 K. To determine the sites at which the muon is trapped on both sides of this dip, the full angular dependence of the depolarization rate was measured by rotating a large single crystal around its 〈110〉 cylinder axis in a transverse magnetic field. The resulting curves for both temperatures are quite different, reflecting clearly the different environment in which the muon is trapped above and below 22 K. The trapping site at 36.8 K was identified to be of tetrahedral symmetry, located near a Ta substitutional impurity and possibly associated with an interstitial impurity. Lattice distortions due to these impurities and radial relaxation around the muon,δR/R, were determined. The latter is +6.7(6)% for nearest neighbors and −6(2)% for next nearest neighbors. The 14.0 K angular dependence could not be fitted by considering distorted tetrahedral and octahedral sites and pointlike muons.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract StroboscopicμSR and TD-μSR techniques were used to measure theμ + Knight shiftK μ, and relaxation rateλ inSbBi alloys as functions of magnetic fieldH, temperatureT, the angleθ betweenH and the crystallineĉ axis, and the concentration [Bi] of alloyed Bi. In pure Sb and inSbBi (6.5%),K μ (θ=0) andK μ (θ=π/2) both decrease linearly withT up to about 100 K, but bothK μ and its anisotropy are smaller in the 6.5% alloy, indicating a “dilution” effect. With 15 at % Bi,K μ is reduced further but itsT-dependence and that ofλ are dramatically altered. At low temperaturesK μ (θ=0) inSbBi(15%) actually becomes negative and the sign of the anisotropy is reversed. In the same sample,λ is proportional toH at both 20 K and 150 K; at 120 Kλ is proportional toK μ ifθ is used as an implicit variable, but at 36 K this is not the case. A consistent phenomenological description is offered.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the past much effort has been devoted to a systematic study of the muon Knight shiftK μ in metallic environments and its implications on the local electronic structure of hydrogen in metals [1]. These measurements in simple metals were essentially all carried out in polycrystalline samples at room temperature. The present measurements in Cd in polycrystalline and single crystal samples cover a temperature range between 20 K and the melting point of this strongly anisotropic metal (hcp crystal structure,c/a ratio 1.89 — idealc/a ratio 1.63). These measurements add qualitatively new and interesting aspects and insights on the screening of a light hydrogen isotope in a metal as well as on certain properties of the host material itself. The outstanding features of the muon Knight shift in Cd are: (i) a strong intrinsic temperature dependence with an increase ofK μ of more than 100% between 20 K and the melting point (T=593 K), (ii) an anomaly at 110 K in the form of a singularity in the isotropic part ofK μ which is interpreted as a band structure effect, (iii) an anisotropic Knight shift contribution fitting the expressionK(T,θ)=K iso(T)+K ax(T) * (3 · cos2 θ−1)/2, where both, the isotropic and the axial contribution ofK μ, are strongly temperature dependent.
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