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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 25 (1969), S. 502-507 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Optical diffraction experiments with the use of an inhomogeneous distribution of the primary beam as described in part I indicate that the determination of phases is still possible even under unfavourable conditions. This method has been applied to both a centric and an acentric two-dimensional lattice.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0031-9163
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0029-5582
    Keywords: Radioactivity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nuclearg-factor of the 2·083 MeV-state of Ce140 has been determined as:g=1·11±0·04 This value suggests the interpretation of the level as the (g7/2,d5/2)4 two proton shell model configuration. The investigation implies an integral measurement as well as a time dependent differential measurement (spin rotation method) of the rotation of the 329 keV-487 keVγγ-angular correlation in strong external magnetic fields. Liquid sources of lanthanum nitrate solved in 3n HNO3 were used in these experiments. Some cerium (IV)nitrate was added to make sure that the 4f;-electronic shell remained empty after theβ −-decay. This prevented paramagnetic effects. Additional runs were performed without adding cerium (IV)nitrate and finally by using liquid sources of lanthanum chloride solved in 2n HCl with some iron (II)-chloride added. It was expected that the Fe++ ions would reduce the primarily formed Ce++++ ions into the Ce+++ state. The Ce+++ shell is paramagnetic and enlarges the effective magnetic field at the position of the nucleus by about 36%. As no definitely faster rotation could be observed, one has to conclude that the ion reaction Ce+++++Fe++⇒Ce++++Fe+++ takes more than about 10−8s. The half life of the 2·083 MeV state has been redeterminded asT 1/2=(3·41±0·04)·10−9s. Differential measurements of the angular correlation of the 329 keV-487 keV cascade as a function of the time delay showed that perturbations by internal fields were very small. The coefficientsA 2 andA 4 of the angular correlation and the attenuation parameterλ 2 were determined from measurements with sources of the first type as:A 2=−0·105±0·003A 4=−0·001±0·002 andλ 2=(0·0065±0·0040)·109S−1=(0·032±0·020)·λ A comparison with the theoretical coefficients of a (3-4-2)-cascade shows that the multipolarity of the 329 keV radiation is a mixture of 99·83%M1 and (0·17±0·03) %E2.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The following angular correlations in the decay of Hf180m have been measured: 215 keV-93 keVγγ-cascade: $$W(\Theta ) = 1 + (0 \cdot 093 \pm 0 \cdot 007) P_2 + (0 \cdot 014 \pm 0 \cdot 009) P_4 $$ 332 keV-215 keVγγ-cascade: $$W(\Theta ) = 1 + (0 \cdot 090 \pm 0 \cdot 010) P_2 + (0 \cdot 006 \pm 0 \cdot 010) P_4 $$ 501 keV-332 keVγγ-cascade: $$W(\Theta ) = 1 + (0 \cdot 004 \pm 0 \cdot 007) P_2 - (0 \cdot 002 \pm 0 \cdot 012) P_4 .$$ Liquid sources of HfF4 solved in concentric HF were used for these experiments. The angular correlation of the 215 keV-93 keV-cascade was found to be slightly attenuated by internal fields. A measurement of the differential angular correlation for different delays gave: $$\lambda _2 = (0 \cdot 073 \pm 0 \cdot 036) \cdot 10^9 \sec ^{ - 1} assuming A_2 (t) = A_2 (0) \cdot e^{ - \lambda _2 t} .$$ The above correlation functions agree with the interpretation of the low lying states of Hf180 as a (0+, 2+, 4+, 6+)-rotational band. The 501 keV-332 keV angular correlation shows that the multipolarity of the 501 keV-γ-transition is a mixture of (3.5±0.5)%M2 and (96.5±0.5)%E3. The rotation of angular correlations in a strong external magnetic field has been observed and the gyromagnetic ratios of the 2+ and the 4+ rotational states were determined as: $$g_R (2^ + level) = + 0 \cdot 371 \pm 0 \cdot 032$$ and $$g_R (4^ + level) = + 0 \cdot 5 \pm 0 \cdot 1.$$
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A differential measurement of the spin rotation of Dy160 in the 2+ rotational state was performed by using liquid sources of TbCl3 solved in 3M HCl and applying an external magnetic field of 33 500 Gauss. No change of the Larmor precession frequency could be detected within the first 10·10−9 s. It is concluded that the ground state of the electronic shell of Dy+++ is reached in 6·10−10 s after theβ-decay of Tb160. The valueg R=+0.364±0.011 was derived using 〈r−3〉eff=8.92 a. u. for the 4f-shell of Dy+++. A comparison with the result ofCohen who studied the Mössbauer-effect in Fe2Dy shows that the value of 〈r−3〉eff must be 10% larger in this compound. A measurement of the effective magnetic field at the position of the nucleus in a source of terbium metal was performed for different temperatures. It revealed a temperature dependence which is very similar to the paramagnetic susceptibility χ(T). We observed a strong attenuation ofγ γ-angular correlations in the 2+ rotational state. For liquid sources of TbCl3 solved in 3M HCl the following attenuation parameters were measured: $$\begin{gathered} \lambda _2 = (0.122 \pm 0.013) \cdot 10^9 {\text{s}}^{ - {\text{1}}} , \hfill \\ \lambda _4 = (0.235 \pm 0.024) \cdot 10^9 {\text{s}}^{ - {\text{1}}} . \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ The ratioλ 4/λ 2 deviates from the value which is expected for the attenuation by internal fields of the 4f-electronic shell. Possible reasons are discussed. We derived the following multipole mixtures ofγ-transitions in the decay of Tb160: $$\begin{gathered} \delta (879 {\text{keV) = + 17}}{\text{.7}}_{ - {\text{2}}{\text{.8}}}^{{\text{ + 5}}{\text{.2}}} (M1 + E2) \hfill \\ \delta (299 {\text{keV) = }} - 0.029 \pm 0.005 (E1 + M2) \hfill \\ \delta (329 {\text{keV) = }} - 0.023 \pm 0.007 (E1 + M2). \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ The half life of the 2+ rotational state was redetermined as $$T_{\tfrac{1}{2}} = (1.99 \pm 0.04) \cdot 10^{ - 9} {\text{s}}{\text{.}}$$
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 163 (1961), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rotation of the angular correlation of the 631 keV-137keVγ-γ-cascade in the decay of Re186 in an external magnetic field of 53 500 gauß was determined to:ωτ=0·098 ± 0·008. The half life of the 137 keV level was measured as: T1/2=(0·84 ± 0·03) · 10−9 sec. The coincidences between the 137 keVγ-radiation and theβ-group of 927 keV maximum energy were used in connexion with a time to pulse height converter circuit. The coefficients of the angular correlation of the 631 keV-137 keV γ-γ-cascade were found as: A2=− 0·073 ± 0·010; A4=+ 0·310 ± 0·014. These values imply corrections for 3·9% admixture of internal bremsstrahlung and a 1 % contribution by K-X-radiation. The solid angle-corrections were done according to the formula given by E.Rose. The comparison with the theoretical coefficients for a (2+ 2+ 0+)-cascade shows that the multipolarity of the 631 keV radiation is pure E2, the M1 admixture being less than 0· 1%. This result is in agreement with the K-selection rule. There is no appreciable attenuation by internal fields. The comparison with the theoretical angular correlation gives for the integral attenuation factor: G4=0·95±0·04; Assuming only attenuation by electric quadrupole interaction one gets for: G2=0·92±0·07; The nuclear g-factor of the 137 keV rotational state was derived from these results without any further correction as: gR= + 0·316±0·028.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 833-839 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new method for the identification of hydrogen peroxide formed as the primary product of the autoxidation of iron, nickel and cobalt in salt and acid solutionsH2O2 (or · OOH or · OH respectively) as an intermediate product of the autoxidation can be determined in the presence of iron, nickel and cobalt metals more efficiently by the phosphine-phosphine oxide method than by iodometry. Suitable reagents for the identification and quantitative determination of H2O2 are tris-(m-aminophenyl)-phosphine (1) in acid and tris-(p-carboxyphenyl)-phosphine (2) in alcaline media. Their reaction rates with H2O2 exceed the reaction rate of the latter with Fe by factors up to 20. Ni and CO yield more H2O2 than Fe Which, in turn, yields more H2O2 in the neutral than in the acid regions. Different initial rates Of Oxygen consumption in aerated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids in the presence of (1) suggest different reaction mechanisms.
    Notes: H2O2 als Zwischenprodukt der Autoxydation (bzw. · OOH oder · OH) kann mit Hilfe der Phosphin-, Phosphinoxid- Methode bei Fe, Ni und Co wirksamer als mit Hilfe der Jodometrie erfaßt werden. In saurem Medium sind Tris-(m-aminophenyl)-phosphin (1), im alkalischen Bereich Tris-(p-carboxyphenyl)- phosphin (2) wirksame auch für quantitative Bestimmungen geeignete Reagentien auf H2O2 · 1 und 2 reagieren bei höheren Konzentrationen bis zu 20 ma1 schneller mit H2O2 als dieses mit der Eisengrenzfläche. Ni und Co erzeugen mehr H2O2 als Fe. Bei Eisen entsteht im neutralen Medium mehr H2O2 als im sauren Bereich. Die unterschiedlichen Anfangsgeschwindigkeiten des Sauerstoffverbrauchs in sauerstoffhaltiger Salzsäure und Schwefelsäure in Gegenwart von 1 lassen verschiedene Reaktionsmechanismen erwarten.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 1024-1027 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion inhibitors (14) pH variations in suspensions of iron in 0.2 m NaCl solutions under conditions of oxygen corrosionThe pH of iron suspensions is deter-mined in a suitable apparatus under varying reaction conditions. The results are as follows:1In a suspension of 25 grs of carbonyl iron powder in 100 ml of pure water there is no pH variation, neither under nitrogen nor under oxygen.2When 25 g of carbonyl iron powder are introduced under 100ml 0.2 m NaCl solution, the pH value rises from 6.60 to 9.4-9.5 within three to eight minutes.3Determination of the dissolved Fe(OH)2 quantity and conversion of the latter to pH units reveals, that the pH rise is due to (a) an exchange of OH--ions for CL--ions at the boun.
    Notes: In einer geeigneten Apparatur werden in Suspensionen von Eisen bei unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen die pH-Werte laufend bestimmt. Es wurden folgende Ergebnisse erhalten:1In einer Suspension van 25 g Carbonyleisenpulver in 100 m reinem Wasser ändert sich weder unter N2 nach unter O2 der PH-Wert.2Schüttelt man 25 g Carbonyleisenpulver unter 100ml 0,2 m NaCl-Lösung, so steigt innerhalb von drei bis acht Minuten der PH-Wert van 6,60 auf 9,4-9,6 an.3Durch Bestimmung der Menge an gelöstem Fe(OH)2 und Umrechnung in pH-Einheiten kann gezeigt werden, daß der pH-Wert-Anstieg zurückgeht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 48 (1909), S. 69-69 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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