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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The directed flow maximum near cs = 0 (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 8 (2000), S. 549-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 25.75.-q Relativistic heavy-ion collisions – 25.75.Ld Collective flow – 12.38.Mh Quark-gluon plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We investigate the excitation function of quark-gluon plasma formation and of directed in-plane flow of nucleons in the energy range of the BNL-AGS and for the E kin Lab = 40A GeV Pb + Pb collisions performed recently at the CERN-SPS. We employ the three-fluid model with dynamical unification of kinetically equilibrated fluid elements. Within our model with first-order phase transition at high density, droplets of QGP coexisting with hadronic matter are produced already at BNL-AGS energies, E kin Lab≃ 10A GeV. A substantial decrease of the isentropic velocity of sound, however, requires higher energies, E kin Lab≃ 40A GeV. We show the effect on the flow of nucleons in the reaction plane. According to our model calculations, kinematic requirements and EoS effects work hand-in-hand at E kin Lab = 40A GeV to allow the observation of the dropping velocity of sound via an increase of the directed flow around midrapidity as compared to top BNL-AGS energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070077
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hadron production in relativistic nuclear collisions: thermal hadron source or hadronizing quark-gluon plasma? (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1998), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Measured hadron yields from relativistic nuclear collisions can be equally well understood in two physically distinct models, namely a static thermal hadronic source vs. a time-dependent, nonequilibrium hadronization off a quark-gluon plasma droplet. Due to the time-dependent particle evaporation off the hadronic surface in the latter approach the hadron ratios change (by factors of $\lessapprox 5$ ) in time. Final particle yields reflect time averages over the actual thermodynamic properties of the system at a certain stage of the evolution. Calculated hadron, strangelet and (anti-)cluster yields as well as freeze-out times are presented for different systems. Due to strangeness distillation the system moves rapidly out of the $T$ , $\mu_q$ plane into the $\mu_s$ -sector. Strangeness to baryon ratios $f_s=1-2$ prevail during a considerable fraction (50%) of the time evolution (i.e. $\Lambda$ -droplets or even $\Xi^-$ -droplets form the system at the late stage: The possibility of observing this time evolution via two-particle correlations is discussed). The observed hadron ratios require $T_c\approx 160$ MeV and $B^{1/4}\gtrapprox 200$ MeV. If the present model is fit to the extrapolated hadron yields, metastable hypermatter can only be produced with a probability $p〈10^{-8}$ for $A \ge 4$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520050145
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission of droplets of strange quark matter in RHIC (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (1988), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We demonstrate that strangeness separates in the quark-hadron coexistence (even atT=0) and prompt kaon emission results in a strong enhancement of thes-quark abundance in the quark phase during the phase transition to hadron matter. Condensation into stabilized droplets of strange quark matter (“strangelets”) does occur during the phase transition. The so formed cool, compact, long-lived clusters could be experimentally observed by their smallZ/A-ratio. If the late quark matter phase is unstable, it should be observable by the delayed, correlated emission of several hyperons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574551
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    String dynamics in hadronic matter (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 47 (1990), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hadron production in soft hadronic collisions is successfully described by a longitudinal excitation and subsequent decay of color flux tubes. We consider the dynamics of interacting unstable strings as a generalization designed forhA andAA interactions at ultrarelativistic energies. The constituent quarks at the ends of the decaying strings and the produced hadrons can interact with the surrounding matter. The effect of secondary interactions in molecular dynamics calculations forAA collisions at CERN energies (200A GeV) can be seen in an enhancement of transverse energy, particle production and the mean transverse momenta. The results agree very well with the experimental measurements at ultrarelativistic beam energies inpp, hA and the recentAA collisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01552329
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapidity distributions and energy densities from hydrodynamical studies at 5–200 GeV/n (1988)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (1988), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 3+1 dimensional relativistic calculations of the space-time evolution of heavy ion collisions at bombarding energies from 5 to 200 GeV/n are presented. Collisions with heavier projectiles seem to be more rewarding to form extended regimes of highly excited nuclear matter containing enough baryons for a sufficient time span to enable a transition of the hadron matter into a quark gluon plasma. A strong impact parameter dependence has to be taken into account when comparing the final baryon rapidity distributions with experimental results. Experimental results of the reactions16O(60, 200 GeV/n)→Pb are compared with hydrodynamical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574542
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ideal nuclear fluid dynamics at ultra-relativistic energies (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 54 (1992), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the reaction O+Au at 200 AGeV in an ideal relativistic (3+1)-dimensional one-fluid hydrodynamical model. We correct former calculations which contained acausal matter transport, leading to contradictions with experimental data for the baryonic rapidity distribution. We find that the corrected results are in good agreement with data, casting new light on the question of the applicability of ideal one-fluid hydrodynamics to heavy-ion collisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01559465
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the possibility of electronic compression waves in heavy ion collisions (1977)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 280 (1977), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the collision of heavy atoms compression waves in the atomic electron clouds are predicted. The bulk properties of electronic matter are estimated. Reaction cross sections for electron emission are calculated in a schematic model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01409540
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mach cones induced by fast heavy ions in electron plasma (1978)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 288 (1978), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fast heavy ions penetrating through solids initiate density oscillations of the electron plasma, forming Mach cones if the projectile velocity exceeds a critical valuec s . These Mach waves should lead to the directed emission of electrons from the target. The preferential emission angleϑ as a function of the bombarding energy is calculated for various projectile-target combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417717
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medium energy collisions of heavy nuclei in the three-dimensional nuclear fluid dynamical-(NFD) and Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) models (1980)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 294 (1980), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study heavy ion collisions at bombarding energiesE LAB/n∼ 20–200 MeV within the three-dimensional NFD- and TDHF-models. A surprisingly good agreement between the results of the different models is found: The comparison phenomena occuring at these bombarding energies are quantitatively similar as a function of the bombarding energy as well as for various impact parameters. The formation of abnormal superdense nuclear matter (“density isomers”) is investigated in a schematic model for the nuclear equation of state. Again we find very similar results in the two models. Density isomers can be formed in high energy heavy ion collisions above a critical bombarding energy and below a critical impact parameter, which both depend on the details of the nuclear equation of state. Cross sections for the formation of density isomers are presented. An experiment for the detection of abnormal nuclear matter in fast, central heavy ion collisions is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435047
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong compression effects in fast nuclear collisions (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 293 (1979), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The importance of the impact parameter for compression effects and the reaction mechanism in high energy heavy ion collisions (HEHIC) are investigated within three-dimensional nuclear fluid dynamics. For central collisions of a small projectile (Ne) with a heavy target (U) a Mach shock wave is formed resulting in the sidewards emission of matter with azimuthally symmetric fragment distribution. At intermediate impact parameters the Highly-Inelastic Bounce-Off (HIBO) appears, where the large compression potential leads to the sidewards deflection of the projectile, which then explodes. A large collective transverse momentum transfer to the target leads to azimuthally asymmetric (180° correlated) fragment distributions. The deflection angles, energy losses, mean associated multiplicities as well as the maximum compression and thermal excitation of the system are calculated as a function of the impact parameter. A characteristic deflection function is obtained which may be used to determine the impact parameter in HEHI collisions experimentally. The influence of the nuclear equation of state is discussed. The strongly differing results of central reactions and those at intermediate impact parameter seem to have been observed in preliminary data of the GSI-Marburg-LBL collaboration. This is viewed as further indication for the occurrence of strong compression phenomena in nucleus-nucleus collisions of high energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01559758
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