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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of aminophylline on respiratory drive and neuromuscular coupling in normal man and in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: aminophylline ; airflow obstruction ; electromyography ; mouth occlusion pressure ; respiratory control ; asthma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the separate effects of aminophylline on the neural and muscular components of the respiratory control system, assessed by electromyographic activity of the diaphragm (EMGd) and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1), respectively, 6 normal subjects and 14 patients with mild or moderate chronic airflow obstruction (8 asthmatics and 6 COPD) were studied during CO2 rebreathing, before and after administration of a therapeutic dose of aminophylline 5.6 mg/kg. Compared to normal subjects, before aminophylline administration both asthmatic and COPD patients exhibited a significantly greater value in EMGd response slope to CO2. In no group did aminophylline modify P0.1 or EMGd activity response slope to CO2, nor did it significantly affect neuromuscular coupling, assessed by plotting change in P0.1 against change in EMGd activity with increasing CO2. The data appear to indicate that aminophylline in therapeutic concentrations does not modify respiratory drive or neuromuscular coupling in normal subjects, or in patients with mild or moderate chronic airflow obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637554
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of lindenianine from Lupinus lindenianus (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 39 (1974), S. 3584-3588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00938a029
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actively quenched single-photon avalanche diode for high repetition rate time-gated photon counting (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper reports an experimental characterization of the EG&G SPCM-AQ single-photon avalanche diode module with an active quenching bias circuit that gives a dead time of ∼35 ns for use in high count rate, fast timing applications. A quantum efficiency of (approximately-greater-than)70% and an optimal timing jitter with a full width at one-thousandth maximum of 1.5 ns is obtained if the light is tightly focused to a spot of 〈25 μm in the center of the active region, if the signal from the diode before the active quenching circuitry is used as input to the timing electronics, and if an external dead time of ∼55 ns is imposed. Under these conditions, the total probability of obtaining an afterpulse is found to be ∼2×10−3. Limitations of existing time-correlated single-photon counting instrumentation for count rates exceeding 106 s−1 are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146551
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of direct tunneling current in metal–oxide–semiconductor structures (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 1400-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The physical bases of the most commonly used methods for the one-dimensional calculation of direct-tunneling current in metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures (i.e., Bardeen's approach, the resonant transfer matrix method, and transparency-based approximations) are discussed. Each of them is presented in detail, underlining in a simple way the basic principles. In particular, an original derivation for Bardeen's approach is proposed. A comparison of the different methods is then carried out for the simple case of two square quantum wells, where analytical solutions can be given, and for actual MOS structures, taking into account quantization effects. It is shown that all these methods, despite the very different formalisms, are based on similar physical approaches and provide very close results. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427398
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avalanche transients in shallow p-n junctions biased above breakdown (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2627-2629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the avalanche dynamics in shallow junction avalanche diodes designed for detection and timing of single photons. Space charge effects have been correctly taken into account, and both electron and hole transport were considered. Based on the results of the detailed computer simulation we have developed a simplified model of the detector which can be used for studying the avalanche transient in these devices and for optimizing the detector structure for the best timing performance. The results are in good agreement with the experiments. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114317
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact ionization in silicon: A microscopic view (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 4760-4764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A microscopic, single-particle view of impact ionization in silicon is obtained from a modified full-band Monte Carlo simulation. For each ionization event, the balance between the energies supplied by the electric field and lost to the lattice is plotted as a function of time before ionization. It is shown that two separate mechanisms can be identified. The lucky-electron model describes well impact ionization at very low electric fields. At higher fields, a different form of "lucky scattering" becomes the preferred ionization mechanism, where ionizing electrons suffer a sequence of scattering events with a final velocity directed along the electric field. This process is the microscopic equivalent of the energy-transport theories describing the ensemble dynamics at high fields. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367266
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon-assisted avalanche spreading in reach-through photodiodes (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 606-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the spreading of the avalanche process over the area of reach-through avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode. A comparison between the measurements and the results of a computer simulation suggests that photons emitted from hot carrier relaxations play the dominant role in the avalanche dynamics. It is the randomness of the photon-assisted process which impairs the performance of these detectors in timing measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108870
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dead space approximation for impact ionization in silicon (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3707-3709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate the validity of the dead space approximation for impact ionization in silicon. Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain realistic ionization probabilities, and the corresponding avalanche gain in constant field structures is computed. We show that the hard-threshold dead space model is in good agreement with a more refined model taking into account soft-threshold effects, if an effective threshold energy of 3 eV is adopted for electrons. We also show that hole nonlocal effects do not significantly affect the result. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117196
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of oxalic acid on the corrosion of carbon steel (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of oxalic acid (OA) on corrosion resistance of carbon steel in sulphuric acid pH=2.5-6.0 solutions containing 10-7-10-3M OA was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarisation measurements and immersion tests. The results suggest that OA is a good corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel, exhibiting inhibition efficiencies (IE) ranging from 50 to 85 per cent in dilute 10-7-10-5M OA solutions of pH〉3.0, whereas for pH=3.0 solutions, an increase in corrosion rate was found. Non-accelerated experiments (weight loss tests) carried out by immersing carbon steel specimens into OA-containing solutions during at least 6?h revealed only positive IE values, regardless of both solution pH and OA content. The results were explained considering the solution composition as function of pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410523193
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug use in pregnancy among Italian women (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 56 (2000), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pregnancy ; Drug use ; Prenatal care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To describe the use of drugs among Italian women during pregnancy and to compare it with other reports in Italy from the last 10 years. Methods: A random sample of women who delivered in 1995–1996 were interviewed with regard to the care they received during pregnancy, delivery and the post-natal period. Information on antenatal care included maternal reports on the use of drugs during pregnancy. Results: Of the 9004 women interviewed, 75% took at least one drug during pregnancy. Users took a median number of two drugs. Iron (51%) and vitamins (25%) dominate prescriptions throughout pregnancy. Fifteen percent of women reported treatment for threatened abortion and 27% for risk of pre-term delivery. The data do not differ from the drug exposure profile during pregnancy reported in other Italian studies. Logistic regression analysis of drug use (excluding haematologicals and nutritionals) shows an increased risk of usage for older women, the better educated, for those who reported health problems and those who had compulsory bed rest and/or hospitalisation during pregnancy. Conclusion: Seventy-five percent of the women reported use of at least one drug during pregnancy. Haematological and nutritional drugs are over prescribed. Although hormones have been clearly proven to be ineffective in preventing threatened abortion, the study shows an almost unchanged and out of date prescription pattern of progestational drugs. In order to avoid unnecessary exposure to potential risk, maternity care procedures should be reviewed and strictly related to an “evidence-based” approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280000149
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