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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    In:  Supplement to: Sedwick, Peter; Marsay, Christopher M; Sohst, Bettina M; Aguilar-Islas, Ana M; Lohan, Maeve C; Long, Matthew C; Arrigo, Kevin R; Dunbar, Robert B; Saito, Mak A; Smith, Walker O Jr; DiTullio, Giacomo R (2011): Early season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya: Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(C12), C12019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006553
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: The Ross Sea polynya is among the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean and may constitute a significant oceanic CO2 sink. Based on results from several field studies, this region has been considered seasonally iron limited, whereby a "winter reserve" of dissolved iron (dFe) is progressively depleted during the growing season to low concentrations (~0.1 nM) that limit phytoplankton growth in the austral summer (December-February). Here we report new iron data for the Ross Sea polynya during austral summer 2005-2006 (27 December-22 January) and the following austral spring 2006 (16 November-3 December). The summer 2005-2006 data show generally low dFe concentrations in polynya surface waters (0.10 ± 0.05 nM in upper 40 m, n = 175), consistent with previous observations. Surprisingly, our spring 2006 data reveal similar low surface dFe concentrations in the polynya (0.06 ± 0.04 nM in upper 40 m, n = 69), in association with relatively high rates of primary production (~170-260 mmol C/m**2/d). These results indicate that the winter reserve dFe may be consumed relatively early in the growing season, such that polynya surface waters can become "iron limited" as early as November; i.e., the seasonal depletion of dFe is not necessarily gradual. Satellite observations reveal significant biomass accumulation in the polynya during summer 2006-2007, implying significant sources of "new" dFe to surface waters during this period. Possible sources of this new dFe include episodic vertical exchange, lateral advection, aerosol input, and reductive dissolution of particulate iron.
    Keywords: Bottle, Niskin; CORSACS-1_NX1; CORSACS-1_NX10; CORSACS-1_NX11; CORSACS-1_NX2; CORSACS-1_NX3; CORSACS-1_NX4; CORSACS-1_NX5; CORSACS-1_NX6; CORSACS-1_NX7; CORSACS-1_NX8; CORSACS-1_NX9; CORSACS-2_NX12; CORSACS-2_NX13; CORSACS-2_NX14; CORSACS-2_NX15; CORSACS-2_NX16; CORSACS-2_NX17; CORSACS-2_NX18; CORSACS-2_NX19; CORSACS-2_NX20; CORSACS I; CORSACS II; DEPTH, water; Event label; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Iron, dissolvable; Iron, dissolved; Iron, particulate; Mixed layer depth; Nathaniel B. Palmer; NBP0601; NBP0601_NX1; NBP0601_NX10; NBP0601_NX11; NBP0601_NX2; NBP0601_NX3; NBP0601_NX4; NBP0601_NX5; NBP0601_NX6; NBP0601_NX7; NBP0601_NX8; NBP0601_NX9; NBP0608; NBP0608_NX12; NBP0608_NX13; NBP0608_NX14; NBP0608_NX15; NBP0608_NX16; NBP0608_NX17; NBP0608_NX18; NBP0608_NX19; NBP0608_NX20; NIS; Nitrate and Nitrite; Phosphorus, inorganic, dissolved; Ross Sea; Silicic acid
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1365 data points
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © 2009 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 6 (2009): 3131-3147, doi: 10.5194/bg-6-3131-2009
    Description: Iron availability and temperature are important limiting factors for the biota in many areas of the world ocean, and both have been predicted to change in future climate scenarios. However, the impacts of combined changes in these two key factors on microbial trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling are unknown. We examined the relative effects of iron addition (+1 nM) and increased temperature (+4°C) on plankton assemblages of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, a region characterized by annual algal blooms and an active microbial community. Increased iron and temperature individually had consistently significant but relatively minor positive effects on total phytoplankton abundance, phytoplankton and microzooplankton community composition, as well as photosynthetic parameters and nutrient drawdown. Unexpectedly, increased iron had a consistently negative impact on microzooplankton abundance, most likely a secondary response to changes in phytoplankton community composition. When iron and temperature were increased in concert, the resulting interactive effects were greatly magnified. This synergy between iron and temperature increases would not have been predictable by examining the effects of each variable individually. Our results suggest the possibility that if iron availability increases under future climate regimes, the impacts of predicted temperature increases on plankton assemblages in polar regions could be significantly enhanced. Such synergistic and antagonistic interactions between individual climate change variables highlight the importance of multivariate studies for marine global change experiments.
    Description: This project was supported by US NSF grants ANT 0528715 to JMR, ANT 0741411, ANT 0741428 and OCE 0825319 to DAH, ANT 0338157 to WOS, ANT 0338097 to GRD, and ANT 0338350 to RBD.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 45 (2018): 3203-3211, doi:10.1002/2017GL075361.
    Description: To assess phytoplankton nutritional status in seasonally oligotrophic waters of the southern Mid‐Atlantic Bight, and the potential for rain to stimulate primary production in this region during summer, shipboard bioassay experiments were performed using natural seawater and phytoplankton collected north and south of the Gulf Stream. Bioassay treatments comprised iron, nitrate, iron + nitrate, iron + nitrate + phosphate, and rainwater. Phytoplankton growth was inferred from changes in chlorophyll a, inorganic nitrogen, and carbon‐13 uptake, relative to unamended control treatments. Results indicated the greatest growth stimulation by iron + nitrate + phosphate, intermediate growth stimulation by rainwater, modest growth stimulation by nitrate and iron + nitrate, and no growth stimulation by iron. Based on these data and analysis of seawater and atmospheric samples, nitrogen was the proximate limiting nutrient, with a secondary limitation imposed by phosphorus. Our results imply that summer rain events increase new production in these waters by contributing nitrogen and phosphorus, with the availability of the latter setting the upper limit on rain‐stimulated new production.
    Description: US National Science Foundation Grant Numbers: OCE‐1260454, OCE‐1260454, OCE‐1260574
    Description: 2018-09-12
    Keywords: Nutrients ; Phytoplankton ; Atmospheric deposition ; Iron ; Primary production ; Rainwater
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chemical Geology 493 (2018): 210-223, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.040.
    Description: The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at crossover stations. The IDP2017 consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 450 TEIs as well as standard hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing an on-line atlas that includes more than 590 section plots and 130 animated 3D scenes. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. Users can download the full data packages or make their own custom selections with a new on-line data extraction service. In addition to the actual data values, the IDP2017 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering and for statistical analysis. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2017 as section plots and rotating 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes combine data from many cruises and provide quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. These 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of tracer plumes near ocean margins or along ridges. The IDP2017 is the result of a truly international effort involving 326 researchers from 25 countries. This publication provides the critical reference for unpublished data, as well as for studies that make use of a large cross-section of data from the IDP2017. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Conway GEOTRACES - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Horner, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. González.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) through grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, including grants OCE-0608600, OCE-0938349, OCE-1243377, and OCE-1546580. Financial support was also provided by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Ministry of Earth Science of India, the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, l'Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, the Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées Toulouse, the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, the Kiel Excellence Cluster The Future Ocean, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, The University of Tokyo, The University of British Columbia, The Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, the GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, and the Alfred Wegener Institute.
    Keywords: GEOTRACES ; Trace elements ; Isotopes ; Electronic atlas ; IDP2017
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 42 (2015): 8088–8097, doi:10.1002/2015GL065727.
    Description: The Ross Sea sustains a rich ecosystem and is the most productive sector of the Southern Ocean. Most of this production occurs within a polynya during the November–February period, when the availability of dissolved iron (dFe) is thought to exert the major control on phytoplankton growth. Here we combine new data on the distribution of dFe, high-resolution model simulations of ice melt and regional circulation, and satellite-based estimates of primary production to quantify iron supply and demand over the Ross Sea continental shelf. Our analysis suggests that the largest sources of dFe to the euphotic zone are wintertime mixing and melting sea ice, with a lesser input from intrusions of Circumpolar Deep Water and a small amount from melting glacial ice. Together these sources are in approximate balance with the annual biological dFe demand inferred from satellite-based productivity algorithms, although both the supply and demand estimates have large uncertainties.
    Keywords: Iron ; Ross Sea ; Biogeochemical cycling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/msword
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): C12019, doi:10.1029/2010JC006553.
    Description: The Ross Sea polynya is among the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean and may constitute a significant oceanic CO2 sink. Based on results from several field studies, this region has been considered seasonally iron limited, whereby a “winter reserve” of dissolved iron (dFe) is progressively depleted during the growing season to low concentrations (~0.1 nM) that limit phytoplankton growth in the austral summer (December–February). Here we report new iron data for the Ross Sea polynya during austral summer 2005–2006 (27 December–22 January) and the following austral spring 2006 (16 November–3 December). The summer 2005–2006 data show generally low dFe concentrations in polynya surface waters (0.10 ± 0.05 nM in upper 40 m, n = 175), consistent with previous observations. Surprisingly, our spring 2006 data reveal similar low surface dFe concentrations in the polynya (0.06 ± 0.04 nM in upper 40 m, n = 69), in association with relatively high rates of primary production (~170–260 mmol C m−2 d−1). These results indicate that the winter reserve dFe may be consumed relatively early in the growing season, such that polynya surface waters can become “iron limited” as early as November; i.e., the seasonal depletion of dFe is not necessarily gradual. Satellite observations reveal significant biomass accumulation in the polynya during summer 2006–2007, implying significant sources of “new” dFe to surface waters during this period. Possible sources of this new dFe include episodic vertical exchange, lateral advection, aerosol input, and reductive dissolution of particulate iron.
    Description: This research was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation awards OPP-0338164 to PNS, OPP- 0338350 to RBD, OPP-0440840 to MAS, OPP-0338157 to WOS, and OPP-0338097 to GRD.
    Description: 2012-06-15
    Keywords: Ross Sea ; Iron ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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