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  • 1
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    Instability in Geophysical Flows (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: An Open Access overview of physical processes that generate instability in geophysical systems. It covers classical analytical approaches together with numerical methods for quick prediction of stability in a system. Including exercises and MATLAB® coding examples, it can be used for self-study or advanced courses in the environmental sciences.
    Keywords: geophysical fluid dynamics ; oceanography ; atmospheric science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Fluid mechanics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology & the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas) ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVJ Atmospheric physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Mechanics of fluids ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVJ Atmospheric physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Engineering: Mechanics of fluids ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropy of turbulence in stably stratified mixing layers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1343-1362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct numerical simulations of turbulence resulting from Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in stably stratified shear flow are used to study sources of anisotropy in various spectral ranges. The set of simulations includes various values of the initial Richardson and Reynolds numbers, as well as Prandtl numbers ranging from 1 to 7. We demonstrate that small-scale anisotropy is determined almost entirely by the spectral separation between the small scales and the larger scales on which background shear and stratification act, as quantified by the buoyancy Reynolds number. Extrapolation of our results suggests that the dissipation range becomes isotropic at buoyancy Reynolds numbers of order 105, although we cannot rule out the possibility that small-scale anisotropy persists at arbitrarily high Reynolds numbers, as some investigators have suggested. Correlation-coefficient spectra reveal the existence of anisotropic flux reversals in the dissipation subrange whose magnitude decreases with increasing Reynolds number. The scalar concentration field tends to be more anisotropic than the velocity field. Estimates of the dissipation rates of kinetic energy and scalar variance based on the assumption of isotropy are shown to be accurate for buoyancy Reynolds numbers greater than O(102). Such estimates are therefore reliable for use in the interpretation of most geophysical turbulence data, but may give misleading results when applied to smaller-scale flows. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870386
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Length scales of turbulence in stably stratified mixing layers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 1327-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Turbulence resulting from Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in layers of localized stratification and shear is studied by means of direct numerical simulation. Our objective is to present a comprehensive description of the turbulence evolution in terms of simple, conceptual pictures of shear–buoyancy interaction that have been developed previously based on assumptions of spatially uniform stratification and shear. To this end, we examine the evolution of various length scales that are commonly used to characterize the physical state of a turbulent flow. Evolving layer thicknesses and overturning scales are described, as are the Ozmidov, Corrsin, and Kolmogorov scales. These considerations enable us to provide an enhanced understanding of the relationships between uniform-gradient and localized-gradient models for sheared, stratified turbulence. We show that the ratio of the Ozmidov scale to the Thorpe scale provides a useful indicator of the age of a turbulent event resulting from Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870385
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  • 4
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    Agriculture, Balanced Growth, and Social Change in Central Canada since 1850: Some Comments toward a More Complete Explanation (1980)
    Chicago : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Economic development and cultural change. 28:3 (1980:Apr.) 615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0013-0079
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5112-1980-028-03-000010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mr. Spencer and the Dissipation of Energy (1872)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 5 (1872), S. 322-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WILL you permit me to inquire, for the instruction of the many who are familiar with Mr. Herbet Spencer's “Doctrine of Evolution,” and especially in regard to “First Principles,” sec. 58, referred to by Mr. Spencer in his paper in your number for February 1, if the theory of the “Dissipation of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/005322b0
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  • 6
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    John McCallum, "Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870" (Book Review) (1981)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of historical geography. 7:2 (1981:Apr.) 188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Topics: Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: The Americas
    Notes: Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:h349-1981-007-02-000025
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  • 7
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    The Orange Order and the expansion of the frontier in Ontario, 1830-1900 (1978)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of historical geography. 4:3 (1978:July) 251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Topics: Geography
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:h349-1978-004-03-000002
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  • 8
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    Length scales of turbulence in stably stratified mixing layers (2000)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 9
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    Sustainability, Vol. 7, Pages 7667-7683: The Unintended Consequences of Technological Change: Winners and Losers from GM Technologies and the Policy Response in the Organic Food Market (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: It is often said that innovations create winners and losers. All innovations are somewhat disruptive, but some have more distributed effects. We have a sense of who the winners are and how much they gain. Yet, how much do losers actually lose? Organic farmers frequently like to publicly announce that they are the losers following the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops, yet consumers in search of non-GM products have helped increase demand for organic products, something that would not have occurred in the absence of GM crops. Are organic farmers really losers? This article lays out the argument that were it not for the commercialization of GM crop varieties in the mid-1990s, organic production and food sectors would not be at the level they enjoy today. That is, the commercialization of GM crops has made the organic industry better off than had GM crops not been commercialized. Theoretical modelling of the organic benefits is complemented by supportive market data. The article concludes that in spite of numerous vocal offerings about the adverse impacts suffered by the organic industry due to GM crop production, the organic industry has gained significantly from that which they vociferously criticize.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
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    Oceanic Turbulent Energy Budget using Large-Eddy Simulation of a Wind Event during DYNAMO (2016)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-24
    Description: The dominant processes governing ocean mixing during an active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation are identified. Air–sea fluxes and upper-ocean currents and hydrography, measured aboard the R/V Revelle during boreal fall 2011 in the Indian Ocean at 0°, 80.5°E, are integrated by means of a large-eddy simulation (LES) to infer mixing mechanisms and quantify the resulting vertical property fluxes. In the simulation, wind accelerates the mixed layer, and shear mixes the momentum downward, causing the mixed layer base to descend. Turbulent kinetic energy gains due to shear production and Langmuir circulations are opposed by stirring gravity and frictional losses. The strongest stirring of buoyancy follows precipitation events and penetrates to the base of the mixed layer. The focus here is on the initial 24 h of an unusually strong wind burst that began on 24 November 2011. The model shows that Langmuir turbulence influences only the uppermost few meters of the ocean. Below the wave-energized region, shear instability responds to the integrated momentum flux into the mixed layer, lagging the initial onset of the storm. Shear below the mixed layer persists after the storm has weakened and decelerates the surface jet slowly (compared with the acceleration at the peak of the storm). Slow loss of momentum from the mixed layer extends the effect of the surface wind burst by energizing the fluid at the base of the mixed layer, thereby prolonging heat uptake due to the storm. Ocean turbulence and air–sea fluxes contribute to the cooling of the mixed layer approximately in the ratio 1:3, consistent with observations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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