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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmolytic behavior of the donor cell may affect protoplast response (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 76 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Protoplast donor tissues (leaves of shoots in culture) from a herbaceous plant (Solanum etuberosum) and two woody species (Populus alba × P. grandidentata cv. Crandon and Betula platyphylla szechuanica) were compared during plasmolysis in a range of osmotic agents and potentials. Cells from both Solanum and Populus, species proven to be amenable to protoplast division and regeneration, plasmolyzed readily at higher osmotic potentials than cells from Betula, a species recalcitrant to prolonged culture after protoplast isolation. Betula leaf mesophyll cells exhibited persistent membrane-to-wall attachments and many failed to plasmolyze even under extreme osmolarity. Although their leaves exhibited similar photosynthetic rates, photosynthetic capacity was lost from Betula protoplasts upon isolation, and retained by Solanum protoplasts. Differential stress after isolation was not detectable through vital staining, but only Solanum and Populus gave both high protoplast yields and high plating efficiencies in continued culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05632.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct somatic embryogenesis from Begonia gracilis explants (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Somatic embryogenesis ; Begonia ; Red light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Direct somatic embryogenesis of Begonia gracilis was achieved from microcultured laminar segments and petioles on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.5 mg l–1 kinetin and 2% coconut water. Somatic embryos were obtained with greater frequency from petiole explants than from leaf blade sections. Under red light (45 µmol m–2 s–1), approximately 80% of the petiole explants successfully produced somatic embryos but only 30% of the leaf blade sections responded. However, somatic embryos were significantly more abundant on responding lamina explants (60–70 embryos/leaf section) than on petioles (40–50 embryos/petiole). These trends were similar for explants kept in the dark, but overall production was lower. Somatic embryos were produced more quickly (5 weeks) from petioles than from lamina explants (8 weeks). The somatic embryos germinated to produce plantlets and subsequently shoot cultures with the same appearance as the parental clone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01146778
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishing axenic cultures from mature pecan embryo explants on media with low water availability (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 463-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: pecan ; disinfestation ; embryo culture ; internal contamination ; water activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Endophytic fungi associated with mature pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch) nuts prevented successful, contaminant-free in vitro culture of embryo expiants, even after rigorous surface disinfestation of the nuts and careful aseptic shelling. Disinfestation with sodium hypochlorite after shell removal was also unsuccessful, because even dilute concentrations which were ineffective against the fungal contaminants prevented subsequent growth from the embryo. Explanting media with low water availability which would not sustain growth of fungal contaminants, but supported growth from mature pecan embryos, were developed as an alternative disinfestation method. The explanting media were supplemented with 0.9–1.5% agar, and other media components were selectively omitted to test their influence on water availability and fungal growth. Disinfestation of up to 65% of the cultures was accomplished, depending on the medium formulation, compared to 100% loss to contamination on control medium (0.5% agar). A complete medium (containing sucrose, salts, vitamins, 18 μM BAP, and 5 μM IBA) with 1.5% agar provided control of contamination, and encouraged subsequent regeneration from the embryo expiants, which remained free of contaminant growth through subsequent subcultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232274
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Carica papaya L. (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 172-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Papaya ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Synthetic seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carica papaya L. (papaya) single somatic embryos (2.0 mm diameter) produced in a high-frequency liquid production system were encapsulated in two different synthetic encapsulation compounds. The frequency of regeneration from encapsulated embryos was significantly affected by (1) the concentration of sodium alginate, (2) the presence or absence of nutrient salts in the capsule, and (3) the duration of exposure to calcium chloride. A 2.5% sodium alginate concentration in a half-strength MS salts base resulted in significantly higher germination frequencies than other treatments. A relatively short (10 min) exposure to CaCl2 provided uniform encapsulation of embryos and the highest frequencies of successful germination (77.5%). Germinated artificial seeds produced normal plantlets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050373
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct somatic embryogenesis fromBegonia gracilis explants (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Somatic embryogenesis Begonia ; Red light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Direct somatic embryogenesis ofBegonia gracilis was achieved from microcultured laminar segments and petioles on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.5 mg 1−1 kinetin and 2% coconut water. Somatic embryos were obtained with greater frequency from petiole explants than from leaf blade sections. Under red light (45 μmol m−2 s−1), approximately 80% of the petiole explants successfully produced somatic embryos but only 30% of the leaf blade sections responded. However, somatic embryos were significantly more abundant on responding lamina explants (60–70 embryos/leaf section) than on petioles (40–50 embryos/petiole). These trends were similar for explants kept in the dark, but overall production was lower. Somatic embryos were produced more quickly (5 weeks) from petioles than from lamina explants (8 weeks). The somatic embryos germinated to produce plantlets and subsequently shoot cultures with the same appearance as the parental clone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01146778
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-invasive image analysis evaluation of growth during plant micropropagation (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 19 (1989), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: image analysis ; manual measurement ; microcultures ; shoot culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microcomputerized video image analysis was adapted for rapid, objective, and non-intrusive quantification of shoot growth and development for plants growing in vitro. Custom-developed staging arrangements were essential to insure accurate viewing and representation of the plants in each of three standard culture vessels. Shoot length measurements from digitized culture images were strongly correlated with length measured manually ex vitro. Image analysis weighted density measurements of proliferating microcultures (even with irregular growth habits) provided a reliable indicator of shoot culture fresh weight. Non-destructive time course evaluations of growth rate and quality were demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035809
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 23 (1990), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: acclimatization ; adventitious roots ; microculture ; rhizogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro- and ex vitro-rooted microcuttings of Acer rubrum L. ‘Red Sunset’, Betula nigra L., and Malux x- domestica Borkh ‘McIntosh’ were distinguished by several important anatomical and morphological properties which continued to regulate both root system and whole plant quality in later stages of production. In vitro microcuttings formed adventitious roots in greater number and more quickly than ex vitro microcuttings. Roots produced in vitro were characterized by extremely enlarged cortical cells and, consequently, had a much greater diameter than ex vitro roots. However, the vascular system of in vitro roots was underdeveloped (primary vascular tissues only) as compared to ex vitro roots, which produced vascular cambium and secondary growth during the same early stage of production. At least 50% of the post-transplant in vitro adventitious roots either died immediately, or temporarily persisted during acclimatization without producing any further growth. For the surviving in vitro-produced roots, the cortex partially collapsed after transplant, and new root extensions with ex vitro-like structure were produced. Only then did the in vitro portion of the root begin to form secondary vascular tissues. Shoots from in vitro treatments continued to grow vigorously during adventitious root initiation and during acclimatization, so that the plants were significantly taller and had a greater shoot area than those receiving comparable ex vitro rooting treatment. In vitro rooting led to a horizontal root morphology which continued to distinguish these treatments from ex vitro rooted plants during later stages of production, when anatomical differences in the roots could no longer be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035831
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid, nondestructive measurement of chlorophyll content in leaves with nonuniform chlorophyll distribution (1988)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 16 (1988), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chlorophyll concentration ; chlorophyll measurement ; densitometry ; Epipremnum ; microcomputerized image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A practical microcomputerized video image analysis method is described for quantifying leaf chlorophyll content without extraction. Chlorophyll concentration is estimated from densimetric measurements of whole, intact leaves. Direct comparison with conventional extraction measurements on Epipremnum aureum, a variegated species, verified the image analysis technique's accuracy. The inherent advantages with regard to the nondestructive and convenient nature of the measurement, and suitability for leaves with irregular chlorophyll distribution, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028845
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro production of male sterile Zinnia elegans (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 61 (1991), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: male sterile ; microculture ; shoot proliferation ; Zinnia elegans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Axillary bud proliferation of Zinnia elegans Jacq. was accomplished from vegetative bud explants of greenhouse-grown plants. Photoperiod extension via metalarc lamps in the greenhouse stock plant environment significantly increased both the quantity and quality of explants. Shoot cultures initiated from axillary buds of identified male sterile plants proliferated best on a medium with 1μM BAP. Microshoots exhibited 80% rooting on media without growth regulators, and 100% acclimatization of rooted plantlets was accomplished in a lighted, high humidity chamber. In vitro- produced male sterile plants were more compact, more heavily branched, and demonstrated earlier flowering than seed-propagated plants. These male steriles were cross pollinated to male fertile lines to verify their ability to serve as a uniform female parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039661
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of liquid culture on the growth and development of miniature rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq. ‘Minima’) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 32 (1993), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: micropropgation ; multiplication ratio ; vitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of miniature rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq. ‘Minima’) shoots cultured on liquid medium was greater relative to those cultured on two-phase (solid + liquid) medium or solid medium alone. Shoot multiplication ratio (number of multiple shoots per explant per subculture) on liquid medium was higher with 17.8–26.6 μM 6-benzyladenine at compared to that at 0–8.9 μM. Shoots grown on 30 ml or more of liquid medium had a higher multiplication ratio than those grown on 10 or 20 ml. The growth and multiplication ratio increased when the culture period was extended from 3 to 6 weeks, although plantlets began to exhibit some chlorosis by the 6th week. These conditions were maintained over four subcultures for cultivars ‘Baby Katie’, ‘Lavender Jewel’, ‘Red Sunblaze’ and ‘Royal Sunblaze’, with no significant change in multiplication ratio over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042296
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