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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IIP and SMEs: awareness, benefits and barriers (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 31 (2002), S. 62-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the impact of the Investors in People (IIP) Standard upon small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Midlands. The paper describes IIP, then considers the significance of SMEs and the impact of training and development in that sector. The paper then presents an analytical framework, firmly rooted in a literature review, that provides the basis for an examination of the reasons why SMEs might commit (or fail to commit) to IIP, the difficulties encountered and the benefits received. Our empirical findings are discussed in the context of this framework. These findings are based on questionnaire responses from almost 600 SMEs, and interviews with promoters of IIP. Some key responses are broken down according to size-band and/or growth-orientation. In addition, follow-up interviews were conducted with selected firms, ranging from IIP enthusiasts to rejecters. This study therefore combines quantitative data with qualitative input. The attitudes and experiences of the respondents offer fresh insight into the appropriateness of IIP as an organisational development tool for the SME sector. The SME support network in England and Wales is undergoing a critical transition. The role of the Training and Enterprise Councils in promoting IIP to SMEs also comes under scrutiny, and our study has lessons for the promotion of IIP by the new learning and skills councils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480210412427
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding the new Investors in People standard - lessons from experience (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 33 (2004), S. 583-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investors in People (IIP), the government initiative designed to enhance organisation training and development practices, adopted a new standard in 1999, which focuses on the development of a "training culture" within an organisation. Previous studies of IIP have been conducted on firms accredited using the old standard, and most of these have focused on large firms. Few studies have examined the process of implementing IIP through the eyes of people within the firm and from the point of view of all organisation members. Likewise few studies have examined the process by which accreditation for IIP is achieved under the new standard in small firms where various pressures to adopt the standard may result in significant and wide-ranging effects on existing organisation culture. This paper discusses the differences between the old and the new standard from a cultural perspective and explores the challenges and impact of implementing the new standard in one small printing firm, Checkprint Ltd, through the eyes of those in the firm. The paper considers possible changes required in the way IIP is implemented and evaluates the applicability of methods used by IIP to determine qualification for accreditation. The paper concludes with implications and recommendations concerning the implementation of IIP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480410550170
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investment in management training and development by small businesses (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 296-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The topic of management training and development (MTD) in small businesses is relatively under-researched, and an increased understanding of the factors influencing the purchase of MTD by small businesses is needed. Therefore, a survey of 551 small businesses in the Midlands region of the UK sought to: identify influences on MTD investment and preferred MTD activities; and establish whether small businesses perceive a link between investment in MTD and business success. Interviews were also conducted with 12 organisations. Results show that the organisational characteristics of ownership, size, number of managers and family management have a significant influence on MTD investment. Of the sample organisations, 85 per cent considered investment in MTD to be linked to business success and 80 per cent of organisations engaged in some form of MTD. However, promoters of MTD to small businesses need to recognise that organisations in this sector are not homogeneous and desire customised training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425459910273134
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Ex Vivo Binding to Estimate Brain Penetration and Central Activity of CCK-B Antagonists (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 713 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44093.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EzrA prevents aberrant cell division by modulating assembly of the cytoskeletal protein FtsZ (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 52 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In response to a cell cycle signal, the cytoskeletal protein FtsZ assembles into a ring structure that establishes the location of the division site and serves as a framework for assembly of the division machinery. A battery of factors control FtsZ assembly to ensure that the ring forms in the correct position and at the precise time. EzrA, a negative regulator of FtsZ ring formation, is important for ensuring that the ring forms only once per cell cycle and that cytokinesis is restricted to mid-cell. EzrA is distributed throughout the plasma membrane and localizes to the ring in an FtsZ-dependent manner, suggesting that it interacts directly with FtsZ to modulate assembly. We have performed a series of experiments examining the interaction between EzrA and FtsZ. As little as twofold overexpression of EzrA blocks FtsZ ring formation in a sensitized genetic background, consistent with its predicted function. A purified EzrA fusion protein interacts directly with FtsZ to block assembly in vitro. Although EzrA is able to inhibit FtsZ assembly, it is unable to disassemble preformed polymers. These data support a model in which EzrA interacts directly with FtsZ at the plasma membrane to prevent polymerization and aberrant FtsZ ring formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04016.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algae acquire vitamin B 12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 438 (2005), S. 90-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was identified nearly 80 years ago as the anti-pernicious anaemia factor in liver, and its importance in human health and disease has resulted in much work on its uptake, cellular transport and utilization. Plants do not contain cobalamin ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04056
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal variability in filament length of a toxic cyanobacterium (Anabaena affinis) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. This study examines the distribution of Anabaena affinis filament lengths under natural conditions as a function of depth and season, and in the laboratory as a function of growth phase. Because Anabaena affinis is only toxic when consumed, both its filament length and position in the water column are important determinants of its potential impact on zooplankton populations.2. Star Lake (Norwich, Vermont, U.S.A.), a natural, eutrophic pond, remained thermally stratified throughout the Anabaena bloom. Filament number and length differed significantly with both sampling date and water depth. Most filaments occurred at 0.5 m, particularly at the height of the bloom. Throughout the entire water column average filament length decreased from approximately 0.53 mm in May to 0.14 mm in July. The shortest filaments occurred at the 2.5 m depth. Filament length distributions (combined for all depths) for 29 May, 12 June and 3 July, corresponding to the beginning, middle and end of the bloom, respectively, differed significantly among the three dates. These patterns most likely reflect variable growth conditions, both during the season and in the water column.3. In the laboratory, Anabaena filament length was affected by medium composition and growth phase. Filaments were significantly longer when grown in MBL than in ASM medium. Also, the average length of Anabaena filaments grown in MBL changed significantly as cultures aged; by day 13 filament length (2.01 ± 0.38 mm, mean ± SD) was twice that on day 0 (0.97 ± 0.71 mm). As cell concentration continued to increase, mean filament length gradually decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00381.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-Generation Benzodiazepine CCK-B Antagonists. Development of Subnanomolar Analogs with Selectivity and Water Solubility (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 37 (1994), S. 722-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00032a003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for pulse and pulse-chase experiments with 14CO2 on attached leaves with known, steady-state rates of photosynthesis (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 6 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. An apparatus is described to carry out pulse and pulse-chase experiments with 14CO2 on intact, attached leaves with known, steady-state rates of photosynthesis under defined conditions of temperature, vapour pressure deficit and photon flux density. Data are presented which show that the pattern of distribution of 14C between compounds in extracts of such leaves is a true reflection of the pathways of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in the leaf during steady-state photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1983.tb01889.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced atmospheric CO2 inhibits nitrogen mobilization in Festuca rubra (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 116 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In defoliated grasses, where photosynthesis is reduced due to removal of leaf material, it is well established that remobilization of nitrogen occurs from both older remaining leaves and roots towards the younger growing leaves. In contrast, little is known about the movement of nitrogen within intact grass plants experiencing prolonged inhibition of photosynthesis. We tested the following hypotheses in Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra cv. Boreal: that both reduction of the atmospheric CO2 concentration and defoliation (1) induce mobilization of nitrogen from roots and older leaves towards growing leaves and (2) elicit similar directional change in the abundance of proteins in roots and older leaves relevant to the process of nitrogen mobilization including, glutamine synthetase (GS), EC 6.3.1.2; papain, EC 3.4.22.2; chymopapain, EC 3.4.22.6; ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), EC 4.1.1.39; and the light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCPII). After growth at ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration, plants of F. rubra were subject to atmospheres containing either ambient (350 µl l−1) or deplete (〈 20 µl l−1) CO2. Concurrently, plants were either left intact or defoliated on one occasion. Steady state 15N labelling coupled with a series of destructive harvests over a 7-day period enabled changes in the nitrogen dynamics of the plants to be established. Proteins pertinent to the process of nitrogen mobilization were quantified by immunoblotting. Irrespective of defoliation, plants in ambient CO2 mobilized nitrogen from older to growing leaves. This mobilization was inhibited by deplete CO2. Greater concentration of Rubisco and reduced chymopapain abundance in older remaining leaves of intact plants, in deplete compared with ambient CO2, suggested the inhibition of mobilization was due to inhibition of protein degradation, rather than to the export of degradation products. Both deplete CO2 and defoliation induced nitrogen mobilization from roots to growing leaves. In plants at ambient CO2, defoliation did not affect nitrogen uptake or its allocation. Therefore in F. rubra nitrogen mobilization can occur independently of any downregulation of nitrogen uptake. This suggests either different signal compounds may act to downregulate uptake and upregulate mobilization, or if one particular signalling compound is used its concentration threshold differs for induction of mobilization and downregulation of uptake. The abundance of the cysteine proteases papain and chymopapain was low in roots suggesting that they were not involved in protein degradation in this tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160108.x
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