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  • 1
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    Northward Transport of Pacific Summer Water along the Northwind Ridge in the western Arctic Ocean (2007)
    SPRINGER
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Oceanography, SPRINGER, 63, pp. 363-378, ISSN: 0916-8370
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-07
    Description: The recent sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean is not spatially uniform, but is disproportionally large around the Northwind Ridge and Chukchi Plateau compared to elsewhere in the Canada Basin. In the Northwind Ridge region, Pacific Summer Water (PSW) delivered from the Bering Sea occupies the subsurface layer. The spa- tial distribution of warm PSW shows a quite similar pattern to the recent ice retreat, suggesting the influence of PSW on the sea-ice reduction. To understand the regionality of the recent ice retreat, we examine the dynamics and timing of the delivery of the PSW into this region. Here, we adopt a two-layer linearized potential vorticity equa- tion to investigate the behavior of Rossby waves in the presence of a topographic discontinuity in the high latitude ocean. The analytical results show a quite different structure from those of mid-latitude basins due to the small value of β β β β β . Incident barotropic waves excited by the sea-ice motion with large annual variation can be scattered into both barotropic and baroclinic modes at the discontinuity. Since the scattered baroclinic Rossby wave with annual frequency cannot propagate freely, a strong baroclinic current near the topographic discontinuity is established. The sea- sonal variation of current near the topographic discontinuity would cause a kind of selective switching system for shelf water transport into the basin. In our simple ana- lytical model, the enhanced northward transport of summer water and reduced north- ward transport of winter water are well demonstrated. The present study indicates that these basic dynamics imply that a strengthening of the surface forcing during winter in the Canada Basin could cause sea-ice reduction in the Western Arctic through the changes of underlying Pacific Summer Water.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Decorrelation scales for Arctic Ocean hydrogpraphy - Part I: Amerasian Basin (2018)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Science, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 14, pp. 161-185, ISSN: 1812-0784
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Any use of observational data for data assimilation requires adequate information of their representativeness in space and time. This is particularly important for sparse, non-synoptic data, which comprise the bulk of oceanic in situ observations in the Arctic. To quantify spatial and temporal scales of temperature and salinity variations, we estimate the autocorrelation function and associated decorrelation scales for the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. For this purpose, we compile historical measurements from 1980 to 2015. Assuming spatial and temporal homogeneity of the decorrelation scale in the basin interior (abyssal plain area), we calculate autocorrelations as a function of spatial distance and temporal lag. The examination of the functional form of autocorrelation in each depth range reveals that the autocorrelation is well described by a Gaussian function in space and time. We derive decorrelation scales of 150–200 km in space and 100–300 days in time. These scales are directly applicable to quantify the representation error, which is essential for use of ocean in situ measurements in data assimilation. We also describe how the estimated autocorrelation function and decorrelation scale should be applied for cost function calculation in a data assimilation system.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Decorrelation scales for Arctic Ocean Hydrography: Part I. Amerasian Basin (2017)
    In:  EPIC3ASOF workshop, Sopot, Poland, 2017-03-20-2017-03-22
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    Halocline structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 32 (2005): L03605, doi:10.1029/2004GL021358.
    Description: We examine the varieties and spatial distributions of Pacific and Eastern Arctic origin halocline waters in the Canada Basin using 2002–2003 hydrographic data. The halocline structure in the Canada Basin is different from the Eastern Arctic halocline because it includes fresher Pacific Winter Waters that form a “cold halostad” which lies above the Eastern Arctic origin lower halocline waters. The structure of the halostad in the Canada Basin, however, is not spatially uniform, and depends on the pathway and history of the source water. Pacific Winter Water entering through the Bering Strait becomes salty due to sea ice formation and this, in turn, is dependent on the occurrence and distribution of polynyas. In particular, saline water from the eastern Chukchi Sea forms thick halostad and causes depression of the isohalines in the southern Canada Basin. This depression influences thermohaline structure of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre.
    Description: This work was funded in part by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, the Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Pacific Ocean inflow : influence on catastrophic reduction of sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006): L08605, doi:10.1029/2005GL025624.
    Description: The spatial pattern of recent ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean is similar to the distribution of warm Pacific Summer Water (PSW) that interflows the upper portion of halocline in the southern Canada Basin. Increases in PSW temperature in the basin are also well-correlated with the onset of sea-ice reduction that began in the late 1990s. However, increases in PSW temperature in the basin do not correlate with the temperature of upstream source water in the northeastern Bering Sea, suggesting that there is another mechanism which controls these concurrent changes in ice cover and upper ocean temperature. We propose a feedback mechanism whereby the delayed sea-ice formation in early winter, which began in 1997/1998, reduced internal ice stresses and thus allowed a more efficient coupling of anticyclonic wind forcing to the upper ocean. This, in turn, increased the flux of warm PSW into the basin and caused the catastrophic changes.
    Description: This work was funded in part by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Arctic Ocean warming contributes to reduced polar ice cap (2011)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 40 (2010): 2743–2756, doi:10.1175/2010JPO4339.1.
    Description: Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150–900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven in time; a local 1°C maximum was observed in the mid-1990s, followed by an intervening minimum and an additional warming that culminated in 2007 with temperatures higher than in the 1990s by 0.24°C. Relative to climatology from all data prior to 1999, the most extreme 2007 temperature anomalies of up to 1°C and higher were observed in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins. The AW warming was associated with a substantial (up to 75–90 m) shoaling of the upper AW boundary in the central Arctic Ocean and weakening of the Eurasian Basin upper-ocean stratification. Taken together, these observations suggest that the changes in the Eurasian Basin facilitated greater upward transfer of AW heat to the ocean surface layer. Available limited observations and results from a 1D ocean column model support this surmised upward spread of AW heat through the Eurasian Basin halocline. Experiments with a 3D coupled ice–ocean model in turn suggest a loss of 28–35 cm of ice thickness after 50 yr in response to the 0.5 W m−2 increase in AW ocean heat flux suggested by the 1D model. This amount of thinning is comparable to the 29 cm of ice thickness loss due to local atmospheric thermodynamic forcing estimated from observations of fast-ice thickness decline. The implication is that AW warming helped precondition the polar ice cap for the extreme ice loss observed in recent years.
    Description: This study was supported by JAMSTEC (IP and VI), NOAA (IP, VI, and ID), NSF (IP,VA,VI, ID, JT, andMS),NASA(IP andVI), BMBF (ID), and UK NERC (SB) grants.
    Keywords: Arctic ; Forcing ; Temperature ; Sea ice ; Heating ; Coupled models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
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    The western Arctic boundary current at 152°W : structure, variability, and transport (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56 (2009): 1164-1181, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.014.
    Description: From August 2002 to September 2004 a high-resolution mooring array was maintained across the western Arctic boundary current in the Beaufort Sea north of Alaska. The array consisted of profiling instrumentation, providing a timeseries of vertical sections of the current. Here we present the first-year velocity measurements, with emphasis on the Pacific water component of the current. The mean flow is characterized as a bottom-intensified jet of O(15 cm s-1) directed to the east, trapped to the shelfbreak near 100 m depth. Its width scale is only 10-15 km. Seasonally the flow has distinct configurations. During summer it becomes surface-intensified as it advects buoyant Alaskan Coastal Water. In fall and winter the current often reverses (flows westward) under upwelling-favorable winds. Between the storms, as the eastward flow re-establishes, the current develops a deep extension to depths exceeding 700 m. In spring the bottom-trapped flow advects winter-transformed Pacific water emanating from the Chukchi Sea. The year-long mean volume transport of Pacific Water is 0.13±0.08 Sv to the east, which is less than 20% of the long-term mean Bering Strait inflow. This implies that most of the Pacific water entering the Arctic goes elsewhere, contrary to expected dynamics and previous modeling results. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The mean Atlantic water transport (to 800 m depth) is 0.047±0.026 Sv, also smaller than anticipated.
    Description: AN was funded by the Swedish Research Council; RP, PF, and DT were funded by grant N00014-02-1-0317 of the Office of Naval Research.
    Keywords: Polar oceanography ; Shelf edge dynamics ; Boundary currents ; Volume transport ; Pacific Water ; Atlantic Water
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 8
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    Penetration of the 1990s warm temperature anomaly of Atlantic Water in the Canada Basin (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 31 (2004): L20301, doi:10.1029/2004GL020860.
    Description: Penetration of the 1990s warm temperature anomaly (WTA) of the Fram Strait branch of Atlantic Water (FSBW) in the Canada Basin is described using available temperature, salinity, and velocity data. The core temperatures of FSBW show distinct pathways. Over the Chukchi Borderland advective velocities of the FSBW are well-correlated with bottom topography. The resulting multifarious pathways over the Chukchi Borderland act to modulate and substantially increase the time scale of WTA spreading and advancement. Further downstream two WTA tongues are observed. One tongue followed the Beaufort Slope and, along this pathway, the core temperatures of FSBW decreased rapidly. The depth integrated value of heat content remained near constant however, suggesting enhanced vertical mixing. The second tongue debouched from the northern tip of the Northwind Ridge and spread eastward into the deep Canada Basin, suggesting a complex recirculation structure within the Beaufort Gyre.
    Description: This work was funded in part by the Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center and the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir : state and variability from observations (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): C00A10, doi:10.1029/2008JC005104.
    Description: We investigate basin-scale mechanisms regulating anomalies in freshwater content (FWC) in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) of the Arctic Ocean using historical observations and data collected in 2003–2007. Specifically, the mean annual cycle and interannual and decadal FWC variability are explored. The major cause of the large FWC in the BG is the process of Ekman pumping (EP) due to the Arctic High anticyclonic circulation centered in the BG. The mean seasonal cycle of liquid FWC is a result of interplay between the mechanical (EP) and thermal (ice transformations) factors and has two peaks. One peak occurs around June–July when the sea ice thickness reaches its minimum (maximum ice melt). The second maximum is observed in November–January when wind curl is strongest (maximum EP) and the salt input from the growing ice has not yet reached its maximum. Interannual changes in FWC during 2003–2007 are characterized by a strong positive trend in the region varying by location with a maximum of approximately 170 cm a−1 in the center of EP influenced region. Decadal FWC variability in the period 1950–2000 is dominated by a significant change in the 1990s forced by an atmospheric circulation regime change. The center of maximum FWC shifted to the southeast and appeared to contract in area relative to the pre-1990s climatology. In spite of the areal reduction, the spatially integrated FWC increased by over 1000 km3 relative to climatology.
    Description: The funding for Andrey Proshutinsky, Richard Krishfield, John Toole, and Mary-Louise Timmermans (partial financial support of logistics, hydrographic observations on the board of Canadian icebreaker, and full financial coverage of all mooring instrumentation) was provided by the National Science Foundation (under grants ARC- 0806115, ARC-0631951, and ARC-0806306) and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution internal funding.
    Keywords: Beaufort Gyre oceanography ; Freshwater balance ; Circulation and water masses
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note on symmetry of dielectricβ-absorption curve of polyester (1964)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 200 (1964), S. 49-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01499437
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