Electronic Resource
Palo Alto, Calif.
:
Annual Reviews
Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
50 (1999), S. 187-217
ISSN:
1040-2519
Source:
Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
Topics:
Biology
Notes:
Abstract C4 plants, including maize, Flaveria, amaranth, sorghum, and an amphibious sedge Eleocharis vivipara, have been employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that control C4 photosynthesis gene expression. Current evidence suggests that pre-existing genes were recruited for the C4 pathway after acquiring potent and surprisingly diverse regulatory elements. This review emphasizes recent advances in our understanding of the creation of C4 genes, the activities of the C4 gene promoters consisting of synergistic and combinatorial enhancers and silencers, the use of 5' and 3' untranslated regions for transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations, and the function of novel transcription factors. The research has also revealed new insights into unique or universal mechanisms underlying cell-type specificity, coordinate nuclear-chloroplast actions, hormonal, metabolic, stress and light responses, and the control of enzymatic activities by phosphorylation and reductive processes.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.187
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