ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Assessing phosphorus bioavailability in agricultural soils and runoff (1993)

Sharpley, A. N.

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 36 (1993), S. 259-272

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: Algal bioassay ; eutrophication ; fertilizer P management ; iron-oxide P sink ; modelling P in runoff ; tillage ; water quality

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) transported in agricultural runoff can accelerate surface water eutrophication. Although several algal assays and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted widespread BAP measurement. Thus, a routine method was developed to estimate BAP, which uses iron oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) as a P-sink for BAP in runoff. In the proposed method BAP is determined by shaking 50 mL of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1M H2SO4 and measured. The BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains was related to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 d with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, Fe-oxide strips may have a stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in estimating BAP. The method may also have potential use as an environmental soil P test to indicate soils liable to enrich runoff with sufficient P to accelerate eutrophication. Bioavailable P loss in runoff was lower from no till (438 g ha−1 yr−1) than from conventional till (1288 g ha−1 yr−1). Kinetic and enrichment ratio approaches accurately predicted (r2 of 0.93) BAP transport in runoff during 1988 to 1990. Use of the Fe-oxide strip method will facilitate estimation of BAP transport in runoff and thereby, improve assessment of the resultant impact on the biological productivity of receiving surface waters.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748704

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

2

Electronic Resource

Land application of poultry litter and water quality in Oklahoma, U.S.A. (1994)

Heathman, G. C. ; Sharpley, A. N. ; Smith, S. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 165-173

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: Animal manure ; eutrophication ; ground water ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; surface runoff

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract With the rapid growth of the poultry industry in Oklahoma, U.S.A., more litter is applied to farm land. Thus, information is required on the impact of applications on regional soil and water resources. The effect of soil and poultry litter management on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss in runoff and subsurface flow from four 16 m2 plots (Ruston fine sandy loam, 6 to 8% slope) was investigated under natural rainfall. Plots under Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) received 11 Mg litter ha−1, which amounts to contributions of approximately 410 kg N and 140 kg P ha−1 yr−1. In spring, litter was broadcast on 3 of the plots; the upper half of one and total area of the other two. One of the total-area broadcast plots was tilled to 6 cm, the other remained as no till. The fourth plot served as a control. Relative to the control, litter application increased mean concentrations of total N and total P in runoff during the 16-week study for no-till (15.4 and 5.8 mg L−1) and tilled treatments (16.7 and 6.1 mg L−1). However, values for the half-area application (5.6 and 2.0 mg L−1) were similar to the control (5.7 and 1.3 mg L−1). Interflow (subsurface lateral flow at 70 cm depth) P was not affected by litter application; however, nitrate-N concentrations increased from 0.6 (control) to 2.9 mg L−1 (no till). In all cases, 〈 2 % litter N and P was lost in runoff and interflow, maintaining acceptable water quality concentrations. Although litter increased grass yield (8518 kg ha−1) compared to the control (3501 kg ha−1), yields were not affected by litter management. An 8-fold increase in the plant available P content of surface soil indicates long-term litter management and application rates will be critical to the environmentally sound use of this nutrient resource.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750462

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

3

Electronic Resource

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on A values for soils cropped with winter wheat (1987)

Sharpley, A. N.

Springer

Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 201-205

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Bray-I P ; P availability ; P sorption ; residual P ; P-32 ; radioactive P

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effect of successive annual fertilizer P applications (30 kg P ha−1yr−1) on A values (plant availability) for four soils cropped with winter wheat, was investigated over a four-year period under field conditions in the Southern Plains, USA, using P-32 as a tracer. With successive annual fertilizer P applications, winter wheat dry matter yield and A value increased. This increase was linear for wheat yield on each soil (r2=0.77 to 0.97). For A value, the increase was a positive linear function of residual Bray-I P (r2=0.99 to 1.00) and a negative linear function of P-sorption index of the soil (r2=0.94 to 0.98). This was attributed to the fact that continued fertilizer P applications, by decreasing P-sorption index, increased amounts of available P. Consequently, utilization of fertilizer P decreased with successive applications and A value, thus, represents total soil P availability, including native and residual (carry over) fertilizer P. These results confirm earlier suggestions that the A value may be used as a quantitative measurement of environmental and soil factors influencing P availability.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370704

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

4

Electronic Resource

Transport of ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen in surface runoff from pasture as influenced by urea application (1983)

Sharpley, A. N. ; Syers, J. K. ; Tillman, R. W.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 20 (1983), S. 425-430

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The effect of a surface application of urea on the transport of N in surface runoff from permanent pasture in New Zealand was investigated under natural rainfall conditions. Maximum concentrations of NH4− N(3.6 mg l−1) and NO3−N(4.5 mg l−1) in surface runoff were attained 3 and 1 week, respectively, following urea application (60 kg N ha−1). Amounts of NH4−N, NO3−N, and total N transported in surface runoff from unfertilized (1.58, 0.52, and 4.73 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively) and fertilized pasture (1.74, 1.09, and 8.96 kg ha−1 yr−1)were less than inputs in precipitation (2.09, 3.63, and 10.9 kg ha−1 yr−1), respectively. Amounts of NH4−N, NO3−N, and total N transported in surface runoff were only 0.3, 1.0, and 7.1 % of that applied. The mean annual concentration of NH4−N (0.9 mg l−1) in surface runoff from unfertilized pasture was above the recommended levels for drinking water (0.5 mg l−1) and the mean concentration of NO3−N (0.5 mg l−1) was greater than levels associated with accelerated cutrophication (0.3 mg l−1 ). The practicality of attaining or maintaining N concentrations in surface runoff from fertilized agricultural land below recommended levels is questioned.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208516

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

5

Electronic Resource

Amounts and relative significance of runoff types in the transport of nitrogen into a stream draining an agricultural watershed (1981)

Sharpley, A. N. ; Syers, J. K.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 15 (1981), S. 299-308

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The concentration and amounts of NO3-N and TN transported in surface, accelerated subsurface, and subsurface runoff and stream flow draining a 20 ha pasture watershed were measured over a period of 3 yr. A slight decrease and increase of NO3-N and particulate N concentrations, respectively, were obtained with increased flow of the runoff types and stream, due to dilution and increased sediment transport, respectively. The concentration of NO3-N in surface, accelerated subsurface and subsurface runoff and stream flow averaged for the 3 yr was 0.3, 6.6, 4.8, and 4.6 mg 1−1, respectively, amounting to 0.5, 9.4, 11.6, and 16.8 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, transported annually. Although NO3-N accounted for only a minor proportion of the TN transported in surface runoff (10%) it was the main form of N (75%) transported in the other runoff types and in streamflow. Subsurface runoff contributed the major proportion of stream discharge (63%), and NO3-N (69%), particulate N (44%) and TN (65%) loading of the stream. The results are discussed in terms of non-point pollution of surface waters by NO3-N.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285043

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

6

Electronic Resource

Phosphorus inputs into a stream draining an agricultural watershed (1976)

Sharpley, A. N. ; Syers, J. K. ; O'Connor, P. W.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 6 (1976), S. 39-52

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Changes in the concentrations of P forms with flow for the three runoff types and the stream draining an agricultural watershed were evaluated. Flow was found to be more important than concentration in determining P fluxes in surface runoff, subsurface runoff, the stream, and to a lesser extent in accelerated subsurface runoff (tile drainage). The sampling interval required to reliably evaluate the loading of P forms was 15, 60, 720, and 60 min, for surface, accelerated subsurface, and subsurface runoff, and the stream, respectively. The errors in estimates of loadings of P forms were maintained at less than 15% for the sampling time intervals selected. An inadequate frequency of sampling leads to appreciable errors in the estimates of loadings of P forms in the runoff types and the stream.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00158714

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

7

Electronic Resource

Phosphorus inputs into a stream draining an agricultural watershed (1979)

Sharpley, A. N. ; Syers, J. K.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 11 (1979), S. 417-428

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The amounts of P forms transported in surface, accelerated subsurface, and subsurface runoff, and the stream draining a 20 ha area of a pasture watershed were measured for 3 yr. Stream-bank erosion and resuspension of stream sediment contributed the major proportion of the particulate P (PP), total P, and sediment transported annually in stream flow (86, 77, and 74%, respectively, in 1977). In addition, 29% of the annual dissolved inorganic P (DIP) loading of the stream in 1977 was attributed to the release of P from suspended in situ particulate material. Remarkably similar proportions of water, P forms, and sediment were contributed by the runoff types in each of the 3 yr of study. Subsurface runoff contributed the major proportion (67% in 1977) of stream flow. Although surface runoff contributed only a minor proportion of stream flow (11% in 1977), it contributed the major proportion of both DIP (32% in 1977) and PP loading (90% in 1977) compared with the other runoff types. Differences in the amounts of P forms transported in the three runoff types can be attributed to several factors, one of the most important being the time of contact between soluble P in runoff waters and soil components.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283433

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

8

Electronic Resource

Transport of phosphorus in surface runoff as influenced by liquid and solid fertilizer phosphate addition (1983)

Sharpley, A. N. ; Syers, J. K.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 19 (1983), S. 321-326

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The effects of superphosphate (50 kg P ha−1), applied as a liquid or a solid, on the transport of dissolved and particulate P in surface runoff from established pasture were evaluated using field plots and natural rainfall. An approximately 3-fold increase in the transport of both dissolved inorganic P and particulate P in surface runoff was measured in 14 weeks following fertilizer application in the solid form (2.9 and 2.9 % of the applied fertilizer P, respectively) compared to the liquid application (1.0 and 1.1 % of the applied fertilizer P, respectively). In addition, the application of solid fertilizer P had a more sustained effect on the concentration of both disolved and particulate P in surface runoff. The results are discussed in terms of the relative abilities of the applied fertilizers to move away from the zone of interaction between surface soil and runoff, their effect on the P enrichment of streams, and their agronomic effectiveness.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00159593

Permalink