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Competition for inorganic substrates among chemoorganotrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria (1977)

Kuenen, J. G. ; Boonstra, J. ; Schröder, H. G. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Microbial ecology 3 (1977), S. 119-130

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ISSN: 1432-184X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract In aerobic enrichment experiments with a chemostat, using phosphate-limited lactate medium, aSpirillum sp. predominated at the lower range of dilution rates. At the higher dilution rates an (chemoorganotrophic) unidentified rod-shaped bacterium came to the fore. The same result was obtained in competition experiments with pure cultures of the two bacteria. Growth parameters were: Rod,Μ max=0.48 hr−1,k s(PO4 3−)=6.6×10−N M;Spirillum, Μ max=0.24 hr−1· ks(PO4 3−) =2.7×10−8 M. TheSpirillum grew faster than the rod at low dilution rates, not only under phosphate-limitation but also in K+-,Mg2+-, NH4 +-, aspartate-, succinate-, and lactate-limited cultures. Both organisms showed little substrate specificity and could utilize a similar range of carbon and energy sources. The results support the view that part of the diversity among bacteria in the natural environment is based on selection toward substrate concentration. Another set of competition experiments was carried out with pure cultures of two marine obligately chemolithotrophic colorless sulfur bacteria,Thiobacillus thioparus andThiomicrospira pelophila. Tms. pelophila outgrewT. thioparus at low dilution rates under iron limitation, while the reverse was true at high dilution rates. It is concluded that the relatively fast growth ofTms. pelophila at low iron concentration may explain its higher sulfide tolerance. Organisms showing a selection advantage at very low concentrations of limiting substrates appear to have a relatively high surface to volume ratio.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010401

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Zur Chronologie anthropogener Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Attersees (Österreich) (1983)

Müller, German ; Dominik, J. ; Schröder, H. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Mineralogy and petrology 31 (1983), S. 193-206

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ISSN: 1438-1168

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Description / Table of Contents: Summary The investigation of the heavy metal concentrations of a sedimentary core from the northern part of the Attersee (Austria) revealed a bipartition of the core: a lower part (below 20 cm depth within the sediment) with generally low metal concentrations and an upper (above 20 cm depth) section, in which Cd, Zn and Pb begin to rise until a 5.6-fold (Cd), 3.1-fold (Zn) and 1.9-fold (Pb) increase is attained in the uppermost 6-4 cm layers within the sediment.210Pb and137Cs dating designate 1870–1880 as the initial stage of heavy metal pollution originating from anthropogenic sources and 1960–65 as the stage of maximum enrichment. The highest metal concentrations are in the same range as concentrations described from sediments from 7 lakes in Upper Bavaria with a similar setting (recreational areas with little or no industry). Domestic sewage and rural runoff in connection with the immission of atmospheric dust enriched in heavy metals which result mainly from coal combustion are believed to be the major metal sources. The overall low P-concentrations in the lake sediments do not vary with depth; they indicate that present oligotrophic conditions of the lake have persisted for centuries.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung eines Sedimentkerns aus dem nördlichen Teil des Attersees (Österreich) zeigt, daß die Schwermetalle Cd, Zn und Pb ab einer Sedimenttiefe von 20 cm (Sediment-Alter 1870–1880) nach oben hin±kontineuierlich ansteigen und ihre Maximalkonzentration in einer Sedimenttiefe von 6-4 cm (1960–1965) erreichen. Im Vergleich zu den unterhalb von 20 cm abgelagerten Sedimenten (die Schwermetallgehalte entsprechen dem “präzivilisatorischen Background”) sind die Schwermetallkonzentrationen in den obersten 5 cm des Kerns 5,6fach (Cd), 3,1fach (Zn) und 1,9fach (Pb) höher als Folge des Schwermetalleintrags aus häuslichen und ländlichen Abwässern sowie aus dem Eintrag von stark schwermetall-belastetem Flugstaub, der vor allem aus der Verbrennung von Steinkohle stammt. Die in den obersten Lagen des Attersee-Kernes gemessenen Konzentrationen an Cd, Zn und Pb liegen ähnlich hoch wie in Oberflächen-Sedimenten mehrerer anderer Seen Oberbayerns in Gebieten, deren Struktur mit dem Atterseegebiet vergleichbar ist. Der (insgesamt niedrige) Phosphatgehalt der Sedimente zeigt keine Abhängigkeit von der Tiefe und bestätigt den auch heute noch andauernden oligotrophen Zustand des Gewässers.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081368

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Distribution of sulphur-cycle bacteria in the Ems-Dollard estuary (1977)

Schröder, H. G. J.

Springer

Aquatic ecology 11 (1977), S. 14-14

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ISSN: 1573-5125

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary A quantitative study of the sulphur cycle in the tidal flat-sediments of the Eems-Dollard estuary was started by determining the distribution of two physiologically different groups of bacteria: sulphate-reducing and sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. Viable counts of these bacterial groups were determined by most probable number techniques. The highest numbers of aerobic sulphide-oxidizing bacteria were found in the upper 2 cm of the sediment. A rapid decrease was observed with increasing depth. The anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria showed different distribution-patterns with depth. Frequently high numbers of these bacteria were found above the redox-discontinuity-layer. This may be attributed to the presence of anaerobic micro-pockets in this largely aerobic top-layer of the sediment. The horizontal distribution of the sulphide-oxidizing bacteria appeared to be highly correlated with sediment parameters such as organic carbon and clay content of the sediment. The sulphate-reducing bacteria showed only a small linear correlation with these parameters. By means of polyfactor-analysis mathematical models were made with bacterial numbers as the dependent variables and with some environmental parameters as independent variables. The parameters used in this models could explain the variance of the viable counts for approximately 70%. The clay content of the sediment and the number of sulphate reducing bacteria appeared to determine to a large extent the variance in numbers of sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. There are indications that a great deal of the sulphide-oxidizing bacteria might be mixotrophic. For the explanation of the variance in numbers of sulphate-reducing bacteria the most important parameters were the clay content of the sediment, the number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and temperature (or season). Therefore the numbers of these organisms were varying throughout the year. It is assumed that the heterotrophic bacteria supply the sulphate-reducing bacteria with organic substrates.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282207

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