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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of microbial populations in soil: Indigenous microorganisms degrading 2,4-dinitrophenol (1989)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 18 (1989), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mineralization of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and changes in the DNP-mineralizing population over a wide range of DNP concentrations were monitored to evaluate the dynamics of the DNP-mineralizing populations in two soils (soils 1 and 2). Curves of CO2 evolution were analyzed using nonlinear regression analysis and models incorporating parameters for population size and growth rate. The results of these analyses were compared to independent estimates of the DNP-mineralizing population from most-probable-number (MPN) determinations. The combined results of these analyses showed that 0.1μg of DNP g−1 of soil was too low a concentration to support maintenance or growth of the DNP-mineralizing population, whereas all higher concentrations supported either maintenance or growth of the population in soil 1. Independent estimates of population size showed good agreement between the nonlinear regression and MPN techniques, especially at initial DNP concentrations below 100μg g−1. Estimates of both population size and maximum specific growth rate varied with concentration, possibly indicating the existence of two different DNP-mineralizing populations in soil 1. In the other soil tested (soil 2), the population of DNP-mineralizers was much lower than in the first soil, and no evidence of two populations was obtained. In soil 2, good agreement between the nonlinear regression and MPN estimates of population size was also obtained. Results of this study demonstrate the power of using testable models of population dynamics to obtain useful estimates of parameters of microbial growth and survival in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02075815
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of bacteria and microflagellates in sequencing batch reactors exhibiting enhanced mineralization of toxic organic chemicals (1992)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 23 (1992), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Community level interactions were studied in non-axenic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) being used to treat 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Increasing the influent DNP concentrations from 1 to 10 µg ml−1 eliminated large predatory organisms such as rotifers and ciliated protozoa from the SBRs. Under steady-state conditions at a DNP concentration of 10 µg ml−1, supplemental additions of glucose enhanced DNP degradation and led to the establishment of a microbial community consisting of five species of bacteria and a variety of microflagellates. The bacteria and flagellates exhibited oscillating population dynamics in this system, possibly indicating predator-prey interactions between these two groups. Only two of the five bacteria isolated from this system could utilize glucose as a growth substrate, and one of these two species was the only organism that could mineralize DNP in the system. The other three bacteria could grow using metabolic by-products of one of the glucose-utilizing strains (Bacillus cereus) found in the reactors. Supplemental glucose additions increased the average size of bacterial floc particles to 172 µm, compared with 41 µm in SBRs not receiving glucose. It is theorized that the enhanced mineralization of DNP in this non-axenic system was attributable to increased community interactions resulting in increased bacterial flocculation in SBRs receiving supplemental glucose additions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172635
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A substrate-induced growth-response method for estimating the biomass of microbial functional groups in soil and aquatic systems (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 10 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1992.tb01656.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in competitive abilities of plants and microbes for specific amino acids (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Alpine nitrogen cycle ; Amino acids ; Kobresia myosuroides ; Organic nitrogen ; Plant-microbe competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Microbes are assumed to possess strong competitive advantages over plants for uptake of nutrients from the soil. The finding that non-mycorrhizal plants can obtain a significant fraction of their N requirement from soil amino acids contradicts this assumption. The amino acid glycine (Gly) has been used as a model amino acid in many recent studies. Our preliminary studies showed that Gly was a poor substrate for microbial growth compared to other amino acids. We tested the hypothesis that the alpine sedge Kobresia myosuroides competes better for Gly than for other amino acids because of decreased microbial demand for this compound. Soil microbial populations that could grow using Gly as a sole carbon source were about 5 times lower than those that could grow on glutamate (Glu). Gly supported a significantly lower population than any of the ten other amino acids tested except serine. In contrast, K. myosuroides took up Gly from hydroponic solution at faster rates than Glu. In plant-soil microcosms, plants competed with soil microbes 3.25 times better for Gly than for Glu. We conclude that the low microbial demand and the rapid plant uptake of Gly relative to other amino acids allow Gly to be an especially important nitrogen source for K. myosuroides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050550
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhizal infection, phosphorus uptake, and phenology in Ranunculus adoneus: implications for the functioning of mycorrhizae in alpine systems (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 94 (1993), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Development ; Phosphorus uptake ; Ranunculus adoneus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus levels, phenology of roots and shoots, and development of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were monitored for two years in natural populations of the perennial alpine herb, Ranunculus adoneus. The purpose of this study was to understand how phosphorus uptake relates to the phenology of R. adoneus and to ascertain whether arbusculus, fungal structures used for nutrient transfer, were present when maximum phosphorus accumulation was occurring. Arbuscules were only present for a few weeks during the growing season of R. adoneus and their presence corresponded with increased phosphorus accumulation in both the roots and shoots of R. adoneus. In addition, phosphorus accumulation and peaks in mycorrhizal development occurred well after plant reproduction and most plant growth had occurred. The late season accumulation of phosphorus by mycorrhizal roots of R. adoneus is stored for use during early season growth and flowering the following spring. In this way R. adoneus can flower before soils thaw and root or mycorrhizal nutrient uptake can occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341321
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Landscape patterns of CH4 fluxes in an alpine tundra ecosystem (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 45 (1999), S. 243-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: alpine tundra ; methane ; trace gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We measured CH4 fluxes from three major plant communities characteristic of alpine tundra in the Colorado Front Range. Plant communities in this ecosystem are determined by soil moisture regimes induced by winter snowpack distribution. Spatial patterns of CH4 flux during the snow-free season corresponded roughly with these plant communities. InCarex-dominated meadows, which receive the most moisture from snowmelt, net CH4 production occurred. However, CH4 production in oneCarex site (seasonal mean=+8.45 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) was significantly larger than in the otherCarex sites (seasonal means=−0.06 and +0.05 mg CH4 m−2 d−1). This high CH4 flux may have resulted from shallower snowpack during the winter. InAcomastylis meadows, which have an intermediate moisture regime, CH4 oxidation dominated (seasonal mean=−0.43 mg CH4 m−2 d−1). In the windsweptKobresia meadow plant community, which receive the least amount of moisture from snowmelt, only CH4 oxidation was observed (seasonal mean=−0.77 mg CH4 m−2 d−1). Methane fluxes correlated with a different set of environmental factors within each plant community. In theCarex plant community, CH4 emission was limited by soil temperature. In theAcomastylis meadows, CH4 oxidation rates correlated positively with soil temperature and negatively with soil moisture. In theKobresia community, CH4 oxidation was stimulated by precipitation. Thus, both snow-free season CH4 fluxes and the controls on those CH4 fluxes were related to the plant communities determined by winter snowpack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization of contaminated soil by an introduced bacterium: effects of initial pentachlorophenol levels on the survival of Sphingomonas chlorophenolica strain RA2 (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 326-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Sphingomonas; pentachlorophenol; bioaugmentation; microbial survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The survival of a Sphingomonas species that was introduced into pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soil was monitored with two complementary methods, a respiration-based assay and a most probable number (MPN) technique. Sphingomonas chlorophenolicastrain RA2 is a PCP-mineralizing bacterium that was introduced into soil contaminated with a range of PCP concentrations (0–300 μg PCP g−1 soil). The population of introduced microorganisms was followed for 170 days using a substrate-induced growth-response method and a MPN assay that specifically targets PCP-mineralizing bacteria. Varying the initial PCP concentration resulted in the emergence of three distinct patterns of survival. In soil contaminated with 300 μg PCP g−1 the population of S. chlorophenolica strain RA2 immediately declined following introduction, increased by 200-fold and leveled off by the end of the 170-day incubation. In contrast, populations of S. chlorophenolica strain RA2 declined to levels below detection limits in uncontaminated soil by the end of the experiment. Intermediate PCP concentrations (10–100 μg PCP g−1 soil) resulted in the establishment of S. chlorophenolica strain RA2 that slowly declined in numbers. These results indicate that Sphingomonas chlorophenolica strain RA2 is an effective colonizer of PCP-contaminated soil but will not persist in the absence of PCP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900718
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference betweenSalsola kali L. seedlings: Implications for plant succession (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 116 (1989), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agropyron smithii ; allelopathy ; Salsola kali ; VA mycorrhizae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the cause of the decline of the early successional species,Salsola kali L., in the years following its colonization of disturbed soils in arid regions of the western United States. DriedS. kali plant material significantly stimulated the growth ofS. kali but had no effect on the growth or levels of mycorrhizal infection ofAgropyron smithii, a later successional grass. In contrast, root leachates fromS. kali caused a depression in the growth ofS. kali, but had no effect on the growth or mycorrhizal infection ofA. smithii. In the reciprical experiment, root leachates fromA. smithii had no effect on mycorrhizal fungi,S. kali, orA. smithii. This study contradicts earlier studies of the allelopathic potential ofS. kali litter and supports the importance of direct interference betweenS. kali seedling as the cause of the die-off ofS. kali during secondary succession.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02327263
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological implications of the destruction of juglone (5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone) by soil bacteria (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3547-3549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of juglone by soil bacteria (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1561-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Allelopathy ; biodegradation ; humic acids ; Juglans nigra ; juglone ; nonlinear regression ; Pseudomonas putida biovar A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria that can degrade juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) were isolated from soil beneath black walnut trees. Autecological studies with one of these bacteria (Pseudomonas J1), demonstrated that it could grow rapidly using juglone as its sole source of carbon and energy. Using nonlinear regression analysis and the Monod equation, it was determined that this bacterium had a high affinity for juglone (K s = 0.95 μg/ml).Pseudomonas J1 can also utilize other aromatic compounds from plants as its sole source of carbon and energy. Compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawson) were rapidly degraded byPseudomonas J1. The rapid degradation of juglone and other suspected allelochemicals by soil bacteria make it unlikely that these compounds are important mediators of plant-plant interactions under natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012522
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