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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 21 (1982), S. 2977-2982 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 54 (Sept. 2008), p. 41-49 
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: In this study, aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films reactively sputter deposited from analuminium target are characterized both under material related aspects as well as on device level forresonantly driven gyroscopes. The first topic comprises a qualitative evaluation of the c-axisorientation by applying a wet chemical etching procedure in phosphoric acid to specimenssynthesized under varying sputter deposition conditions. Samples with a high c-axis orientationshow a low etch rate and smooth surface characteristics on the etched areas and vice versa.Furthermore, a quantitative determination of the piezoelectric coefficients is presented including theimpact of the silicon substrate on the change in AlN film thickness under excitation. With thisadvanced approach, the d33 and the d31 coefficients are gained simultaneously with high accuracycomparing FEM simulations and interferometric measurements. Finally, AlN are applied to bulkmicromachinedgyroscopes to stimulate the drive mode. Parasitic effects on the performancegenerated by the microactuator elements are identified and potential improvements are proposed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 61 (Sept. 2008), p. 141-146 
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: The amplitudes of miniaturized electromagnetic actuators are clearly enhanced if theeigenfrequencies of the membrane are used for actuation. However, the bandwidth for suchoperation is very limited. This can be overcome to some extent by the employment of membraneswith electrically tunable stiffness. In this context we investigated membranes of dielectric elastomermaterials and present experimental results on the ability to change their pre-strain to shift theeigenmodes to lower frequencies upon activation. Furthermore, the viscoelastic properties of anacrylic and a silicone membrane are investigated and compared to dynamic experiments. Theparameters for the stiffness and viscoelasticity are derived from the experimental creep data andincorporated in a hyperelastic material model. Using this adapted stress-strain relationship themembrane behavior over time can be evaluated for different loading as well as pre-strainconditions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Multilayer ceramics based on Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) are gaining increasing interest in the manufacturing of high-integrated devices for microelectronic and sensor applications. In many applications the parts are exposed to mechanical stresses, which is an important issue regarding the reliability of the device. To predict the lifetime of LTCC multilayer devices, and to extend their application range, basic mechanical data of this material are needed. In this paper metallized LTCC multilayers are investigated concerning their flexural strength, crack growth rate, and lifetime prediction. The results show that the electronic layout concerning the location of vias and metallization has a strong influence on the reliability and lifetime prediction of such co-fired LTCC devices. Mass flow sensors for the measurement of injected fuel quantities, which were fabricated on the basis of LTCC and which are exposed to a stress level of 100 MPa, achieve sufficient lifetimes. Therefore, LTCC is an interesting material to fabricate devices, in which LTCC fulfils the requirements of a functional and structural material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 12 (1997), S. 173-228 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Keywords: external clock synchronization ; fault-tolerant distributed real-time systems ; universal time coordinated (UTC) ; convergence functions ; generic precision analysis ; accuracy intervals ; clock granularity ; continuous amortization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we develop and analyze a simple interval-based algorithm suitable for fault-tolerant external clock synchronization. Unlike usual internal synchronization approaches, our convergence function-based algorithm provides approximately synchronized clocks maintaining both precision and accuracy w.r.t. external time. This is accomplished by means of a time representation relying on intervals that capture external time, providing accuracy information encoded in interval lengths. The algorithm, which is generic w.r.t. the convergence function and relies on either instantaneous correction or continuous amortization for clock adjustment, is analyzed by utilizing a novel, interval-based framework for establishing worst-case precision and accuracy bounds subject to a fairly detailed system model. Apart from individual clock rate and transmission delay bounds, our system model incorporates non-standard features like clock granularity and broadcast latencies as well. Relying on a suitable notion of internal global time, our analysis unifies treatment of precision and accuracy, ending up in striking conceptual beauty and expressive power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Keywords: Real-time systems ; external clock synchronization ; Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) ; Adder-Based Clock (ABC) ; linear continuous amortization ; accuracy intervals ; Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) ; Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware DescriptionLanguage (VHDL) ; Global Positioning System (GPS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract High-accuracy external clock synchronization can only be achieved with adequate hardware support. We analyze the requirements and present the specification and implementation of an ASIC running under the acronym UTCSU dedicated to that purpose. It is built around an elaborated local clock, which is based on an adder driven by a fixed-frequency oscillator. This novel clock design allows a fine grained rate adjustability apt for maintaining both local time with linear continuous amortization and accuracy information as needed in interval-based clock synchronization. Additional features incorporated in our UTCSU are facilities to timestamp clock synchronization data packets, interfaces to couple GPS receivers, some application support as well as sophisticated self-test machinery. Apart from addressing design and engineering issues of the chip, we also provide a basic programming model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Keywords: Interval-based external clock synchronization ; GPS time distribution ; fault-tolerant distributed real-time systems ; COTS ; M-Modules ; Ethernet ; experimental evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive overview of our Network Time Interface (NTI) M-Module, which facilitates high-accuracy time distribution in LAN-based distributed real-time systems. Built around our custom UTCSU VLSI chip, it hosts all the hardware support required for interval-based external clock synchronization: A high-resolution state- and rate-adjustable clock, local accuracy intervals, interfaces to GPS receivers, and various timestamping features. Maximum network controller and CPU independence ensures that the available NTI prototype can be employed in virtually any COTS-based system with MA-Module interface. Our experimental evaluation shows that time distribution with μs-accuracy is possible even in Ethernet-based system architectures, provided that the available configuration parameters are suitably chosen to cope with the various hidden sources of timing uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 7 (1994), S. 33-56 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper emphasizes the power ofmonitoring of distributed real-time systems as a promising tool for both scientific work and practical purposes. Starting out from a number of well-known problems with today's (industrial) real-time systems, a classification of remedial monitoring applications is given. The most important features of a monitoring system suitable for such purposes are discussed and related to the current research into monitoring of (general) distributed systems. Finally, some of the resulting conceptual issues underlying our prototype VTA monitoring system—currently being under development at our department—are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 12 (1997), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Real-time systems 12 (1997), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 1573-1383
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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