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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The normal faecal microflora does not affect the adhesion of probiotic bacteria in vitro (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 177 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Adhesion of probiotic microorganisms to the intestinal mucosa is considered important for many of the reported health effects. The influence of the endogenous microflora on the adhesion of four probiotic lactobacilli to immobilised intestinal mucus was investigated. It was observed that pre-treatment of the immobilised mucus with faecal extract slightly increased the adhesion of Lactobacillus GG. Pre-treatment of the immobilised mucus with faecal bacteria did not affect the adhesion of the tested strains. These results suggest that the normal microflora may not greatly affect the initial adhesion of the probiotic bacteria. This validates the results of earlier reports where the influence of the normal microflora was not taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13710.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of four Bifidobacterium strains to human intestinal mucus from subjects in different age groups (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 172 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The number of bifidobacteria in faeces and intestinal contents has been shown to be reduced with increasing age of the subject. The adhesion of four Bifidobacterium strains was tested to mucus isolated from subjects of different age. All strains bound significantly less to mucus isolated from elderly subjects, compared to mucus from the other age groups. Two of the tested strains also showed decreased adhesion to mucus isolated from 6-month-old and adult subjects compared to the adhesion to mucus from 2-month-old subjects. The results suggest that reduced adhesion may be a factor involved in the decreasing colonisation of elderly subjects by bifidobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13450.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ability of probiotic bacteria to bind to human intestinal mucus (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 167 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Human mucus was isolated from faecal samples of newborns, two and six month old infants and adults. The adhesion to this mucus by the bacteria mentioned below was assessed in vitro. Depending on the age group: 44–46% of the applied Lactobacillus GG, 23–30% of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12, 9–14% of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJ-1, 3–10% of Lactobacillus salivarius LM2-118, Lactobacillus crispatus M247, Lactobacillus paracasei F19 and 2% of L. crispatus Mu5 adhered. All the strains adhered better to the mucus of adults than to that of infants. With some of the strains significant differences between the infant age groups were also observed. In conclusion, the age of the target group may be worthy of consideration when planning a schedule for probiotic or functional food therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13226.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on probiotic growth and adhesion (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 194 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The establishment of the intestinal microflora, and probiotic bacteria, may control the inflammatory conditions in the gut. As polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess antimicrobial activities, they may deter the action of probiotics. We assessed whether free linoleic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic, α-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids at physiological concentrations in the growth media would influence the growth and adhesion of Lactobacillus GG (probiotic), Lactobacillus casei Shirota (probiotic) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (dairy strain). Higher concentrations of PUFA (10–40 μg PUFA ml−1) inhibited growth and mucus adhesion of all tested bacterial strains, whilst growth and mucus adhesion of L. casei Shirota was promoted by low concentrations of γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (at 5 μg ml−1), respectively. PUFA also altered bacterial adhesion sites on Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells grown in the presence of arachidonic acid were less adhered to by all three bacterial strains. Yet, L. casei Shirota adhered better on Caco-2 cells grown in the presence of α-linolenic acid. As the adhesion to mucosal surfaces is pivotal in health promoting effects by probiotics, our results indicate that the action of probiotics in the gut may be modulated by dietary PUFA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb09460.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Good adhesion properties of probiotics: a potential risk for bacteremia? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability to adhere to human intestinal mucus was tested for lactic acid bacteria of clinical blood culture, human fecal and dairy origin. The blood culture isolates were found to adhere better than the dairy strains. Of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains (nine clinical, 10 fecal and three dairy), blood culture isolates adhered better than the fecal strains. Although these results indicate a trend for blood culture isolates to bind to intestinal mucus in higher numbers than strains of dairy and human fecal origin, other factors are also likely to be involved in the etiology of lactobacillemia since some of the clinical Lactobacillus isolates exhibited a relatively low level of adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01583.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of orally administered viable probiotic and dairy lactobacilli on mouse lymphocyte proliferation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four common Lactobacillus strains were screened for their effects on proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes. Mice received perorally 109 viable bacteria kg−1 body weight for 7 days. Lactobacillus acidophilus treatment enhanced ex vivo basal proliferation (by 43%) and B-cell response at suboptimal and optimal concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (by 27–28%). Conversely, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibited both basal proliferation (by 14–51%) and mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation, particularly at supra-optimal concentrations of concanavalin A (by 43–68%) and LPS (by 23–62%). Therefore, these Lactobacillus strains demonstrate strain-specific effects on B- and T-cells and may also alter the splenocyte sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of mitogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01380.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of probiotic bacteria on the adhesion of pathogens to human intestinal mucus (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human intestinal glycoproteins extracted from faeces were used as a model for intestinal mucus to investigate adhesion of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains, and the effect of probiotics on this adhesion. S-fimbriated E. coli expressed relatively high adhesion in the mucus model, but the other tested pathogens adhered less effectively. Probiotic strains Lactobacillus GG and L. rhamnosus LC-705 as well as a L. rhamnosus isolated from human faeces were able to slightly reduce S-fimbria-mediated adhesion. Adhesion of S. typhimurium was significantly inhibited by probiotic L. johnsonii LJ1 and L. casei Shirota. Lactobacillus GG and L. rhamnosus (human isolate) increased the adhesion of S. typhimurium suggesting that the pathogen interacts with the probiotic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01381.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium adhesion to Caco-2 cell cultures by Lactobacillus strain GG spent culture supernate: only a pH effect? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 18 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of Lactobacillus GG and its spent culture supernate on the adhesion of Salmonella typhimurium to Caco-2 cells was investigated. Lactobacillus GG cells which had adhered to Caco-2 monolayers prior to the addition of S. typhimurium did not inhibit the adhesion. Adhesion of S. typhimurium was reduced in the presence of spent culture supernate from MRS broth cultures (spent culture supernate I). Similar inhibition was observed with acidified fresh MRS. The viability experiments with Caco-2 cells indicated that the inhibition was presumably due to the death of cells under acidic conditions. Adhesion of S. typhimurium was reduced by pre-treating the bacteria with spent culture supernate I or with acidified MRS and whey broth prior to adhesion to Caco-2 monolayers. Pre-treatment with spent culture supernate II (from whey broth cultures) did not influence the adhesion. No inhibition was detected at neutral pH values. Therefore, the observed inhibition of S. typhimurium adhesion to Caco-2 monolayers with spent culture supernate I was most likely a pH effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1997.tb01037.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora as a prospective treatment target in infant allergic disease (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We assessed the fecal microflora of 10 healthy infants and 27 infants with atopic eczema during breast-feeding and after weaning. The atopic infants had less frequently Gram-positive species among the most predominant aerobes and smaller total cell counts. Further differences were associated with more extensive manifestations, seen as higher bacteroides and lower bifidobacteria counts. Weaning resulted in decreased bacteroides counts in atopic and total cell counts in healthy infants and diminished predominance by bifidobacteria in both. In conclusion, the most prominent question raised by these data is whether Gram-positive bacteria may have distinctive importance in protection against atopic sensitization. Further studies aiming to answer this question are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00526.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the gut bacterial flora of healthy and milk-hypersensitive adults, as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 30 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We enumerated the predominant gut genera from fecal samples of nine healthy and eight milk-hypersensitive adults both before and after 4 weeks Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation. The anaerobic intestinal microflora of milk-hypersensitive adults was found to resemble that of healthy adults. LGG-consumption resulted in a significant increase in the number of bifidobacteria in healthy but not in milk-hypersensitive subjects, as well as a general increase in bacterial numbers in all other bacterial genera tested in both groups. In conclusion, the composition of the gut microbiota in milk-hypersensitive adults appears to be normal. LGG may have potential in reinforcing the endogenous flora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01573.x
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