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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discharge characteristics of nematocysts isolated from acontia ofCalliactis parasitica (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were performed on specimens ofCalliactis parasitica collected near Plymouth in April 1987 and in the Mediterranean between September 1987 and April 1988. Undischarged nematocysts (basitrichous isorhizas) were separated from the acontia of by using 1M glycerol, 1M citrate, 0.5% Nonidet or 0.5% Triton X-100 as isolating agents, or by freezing the acontial tissue. The mechanisms of extrusion were not studied. The effectiveness of 50 mM thioglycolate in discharging nematocysts isolated by the above methods and suspended in Ca- and Mg-free artificial sea water (ASW) was investigated. Nematocysts extruded in glycerol were more responsive to thioglycolate than those extruded in citrate. Capsules isolated in non-ionic detergents, however, and those obtained by freezing were not discharged by thioglycolate. If capsules extruded in glycerol were suspended in ASW and this was replaced with distilled water, they did not respond to thioglycolate. The effect of distilled water was only partly reversible. It was observed that these nematocysts, unlike those ofPelagia noctiluca andAiptasia mutabilis previously investigated, did not release measurable amounts of free Ca2+ during discharge. It is suggested that if calcium is not involved in the mechanism of discharge of isolatedC. parasitica nematocysts then some other ionic species may stabilize the resting condition of these capsules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314350
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity and density of lysozyme in water
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 70 (1979), S. 64-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9601(79)90329-3
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy deposition at front and rear surfaces during picosecond laser interaction with fused silica (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2840-2842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The difference between front-surface and rear-surface energy deposition of a 35 ps laser pulse (λ=1064 nm) in fused silica was investigated using shadowgraphic and laser-deflection techniques. Shock waves were observed in the glass and in air. Shock waves generated in air at the front surface are stronger than at the rear surface. Less than 35% of the energy incident on the surface drives the air shock waves at the rear surface. Up to 90% of the incident energy drives the air shock waves at the front surface. Laser-plasma interaction is responsible for this difference and for limiting the amount of energy deposited inside the sample during front-surface ablation. Energy deposition at the rear surface is mostly limited by self-focusing inside the material. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1362332
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spread of experimentally induced discharge of the nematocytes in acontia of Calliactis parasitica
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 104 (1993), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90465-G
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative requirement of Penaeus kerathurus for a natural unprocessed diet
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Aquaculture 37 (1984), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8486
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90069-3
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of external mechanical loadings (creep, fatigue) on oxygen diffusion during nickel oxidation (1996)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 45 (1996), S. 153-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; 18O diffusion ; nickel ; stress effects on diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This study deals with the influence of various mechanical loadings (fatigue, creep, creep-fatigue) on oxygen diffusion in a particular system, oxidizing nickel. A distinction between the behavior of the oxide layer and underlying nickel was noted during the first step of oxidation at 550°C, in PO 2=1 atm. Mechanical loading causes a decrease of the oxygen mobility through the oxide scale (factor of 103). The oxide thicknesses on nickel undergoing mechanical loadings are different than for an unloaded sample, due to distinct contributions of the oxygen and nickel fluxes in the growing oxide. In the substrate, the ingress of oxygen becomes easier with a constant tensile load (creep). The intergranular-oxygen diffusion coefficient, Di, is increased by a factor of 102 with respect to other samples. In creep, oxygen diffusion takes place along grain boundaries of a structure with smaller grains than in unstrained Ni. A short fatigue period during creep-fatigue decreases the sensitivity of nickel to intergranular-oxygen diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046824
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyposmotic shock-induced discharge in acontia ofCalliactis parasitica is blocked by gadolinium (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Calliactis parasitica ; nematocytes ; discharge ; hyposmotic shock ; Gd3+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On acontia ofCalliactis parasitica it was observed that mechanical stimuli applied by a gelatin probe, a method effective in tentacles of Anthozoa, do not induce the discharge of nematocytes. Hyposmotic shock, performed by treatment with NaCl solution 35% hyposmotic with respect to sea water, induces, in the presence of Ca2+, the discharge that spreads along the acontial filament, as previously observed following treatment with SCN−. The hyposmotic shock-induced discharge is blocked by Gd3+ at a concentration of 1 μM. 10 μM Gd3+ prevents also the SCN−-induced discharge. These results suggest the presence of stretch activated cation channels either in nematocytes and/or in supporting cells as well as a possible effect of SCN− on this class of ion channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01984954
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-to-cell transmission in the activation of in situ nematocytes in acontia ofCalliactis parasitica (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 701-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Nematocyte ; discharge ; transmission ; Ca2+ ; Calliactis parasitica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is reported that Ca2+-induced discharge of in situ nematocytes of acontia ofCalliactis parasitica can occur by cell-to-cell transmission along the acontial filament at a speed that averages 9.8·10−3 cm−1. The discharge is preceded by protrusion of nematocytes that proceeds along the acontium at a slightly higher speed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958819
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Machining of transparent materials using an IR and UV nanosecond pulsed laser (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.62.Cf; 79.20.D; 81.05.Kf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Channels are traditionally machined in materials by drilling from the front side into the bulk. The processing rate can be increased by two orders of magnitude for transparent materials by growing the channel from the rear side. The process is demonstrated using nanosecond laser pulses to drill millimeter-sized channels through thick silica windows. Absorbing defects are introduced onto the rear surface to initiate the coupling of energy into the material. Laser drilling then takes place when the fluence exceeds a threshold. The drilling rate increases linearly with fluence above this threshold. While UV light drills about four times faster than IR light, the pulse length (in the nanosecond regime) and the pulse repetition rate (in the 0.1–10 Hz range) do not greatly influence the drilling rate per pulse. Drilling rates in excess of 100 μm per pulse are achieved by taking advantage of the propagation characteristics of the plasma created at the drilling front. The plasma during rear-side drilling generates a laser-supported detonation wave into the bulk material. The geometry also seems to increase the efficiency of the laser-induced plasma combustion and shock wave during the pulse by confining it in front of the channel tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000546
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of controlled treatment with trypsin on the functional characteristics of isolated nematocysts of Calliactis parasitica and Aiptasia mutabilis (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 216-217 (1991), S. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Calliactis parasitica ; Aiptasia mutabilis ; anemones ; Anthozoa ; nematocysts ; discharge ; trypsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glycerol-isolated basitrichs of Calliactis parasitica responsive to thioglycolate had open apical flaps, while unresponsive capsules isolated with Triton X100 or by freezing had closed apical flaps. Limited treatment with trypsin induced the apical flaps to open without causing discharge, suggesting that nematocysts can maintain the resting condition even with open flaps. Trypsin-treated basitrichs acquire a high responsiveness to thioglycolate. Microbasic mastigophores of Aiptasia mutabilis are more responsive to distilled water after controlled trypsin treatment but the apical flaps are unchanged. Ca2+ is inhibitory regardless of trypsin treatment. It is proposed that the capsule tip may control the penetration of the discharging agents rather than providing mechanical resistance to inner pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026527
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