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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 83 (1994), S. 484-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Arabian-Nubian Shield ; Egypt ; Pan-African orogeny ; Proterozoic ; Extensional collapse ; Thrust tectonics ; Transpression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Detailed structural geological and related studies were carried out in a number of critical areas in the Proterozoic basement of eastern Egypt to resolve the structural pattern at a regional scale and to assess the general characteristics of tectonic evolution, orogeny and terrane boundaries. Following a brief account of the tectonostratigraphy and timing of the orogenic evolution, the major structural characteristics of the critical areas are presented. Collisional deformation of the terranes ended about 615-600 Ma ago. Subsequent extensional collapse probably occurred within a relatively narrow time span of about 20 Ma (575 – 595 Ma ago) over the Eastern Desert and was followed by a further period of about 50 Ma of late to post-tectonic activity. The regional structures originated mainly during post-collisional events, starting with those related to extensional collapse (molasse basin formation, normal faulting, generation of metamorphic core complexes). Subsequent NNW-SSE shortening is documented by large-scale thrusting (towards the NNW) and folding, distributed over the Eastern Desert, although with variable intensity. Thrusts are overprinted by transpression, which was localized to particular shear zones. Early transpression produced, for example, the Allaqi shear zone and final transpression is documented in the Najd and Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein zones. Two terrane boundaries can be defined, the Allaqi and South Hafafit Sutures, which are apparently linked by the high angle sinistral strike-slip Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein shear zone with a tectonic transport of about 300 km towards the W/NW. In general, the tectonic evolution shows that extensional collapse is not necessarily the final stage of orogeny, but may be followed by further compressional and transpressional tectonism. The late Pan-African high angle faults were reactivated during Red Sea tectonics both as Riedel shears and normal faults, where they were oriented favourably with respect to the actual stress regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01083222
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 83 (1994), S. 484-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Arabian-Nubian Shield ; Egypt ; Pan-African orogeny ; Proterozoic ; Extensional collapse ; Thrust tectonics ; Transpression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Detailed structural geological and related studies were carried out in a number of critical areas in the Proterozoic basement of eastern Egypt to resolve the structural pattern at a regional scale and to assess the general characteristics of tectonic evolution, orogeny and terrane boundaries. Following a brief account of the tectonostratigraphy and timing of the orogenic evolution, the major structural characteristics of the critical areas are presented. Collisional deformation of the terranes ended about 615-600 Ma ago. Subsequent extensional collapse probably occurred within a relatively narrow time span of about 20 Ma (575 – 595 Ma ago) over the Eastern Desert and was followed by a further period of about 50 Ma of late to post-tectonic activity. The regional structures originated mainly during post-collisional events, starting with those related to extensional collapse (molasse basin formation, normal faulting, generation of metamorphic core complexes). Subsequent NNW-SSE shortening is documented by large-scale thrusting (towards the NNW) and folding, distributed over the Eastern Desert, although with variable intensity. Thrusts are overprinted by transpression, which was localized to particular shear zones. Early transpression produced, for example, the Allaqi shear zone and final transpression is documented in the Najd and Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein zones. Two terrane boundaries can be defined, the Allaqi and South Hafafit Sutures, which are apparently linked by the high angle sinistral strike-slip Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein shear zone with a tectonic transport of about 300 km towards the W/NW. In general, the tectonic evolution shows that extensional collapse is not necessarily the final stage of orogeny, but may be followed by further compressional and transpressional tectonism. The late Pan-African high angle faults were reactivated during Red Sea tectonics both as Riedel shears and normal faults, where they were oriented favourably with respect to the actual stress regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporation from the reservoir of the High Aswan Dam, Egypt: A new comparison of relevant methods with limited data (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 56 (1997), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Previous estimates of average annual evaporation from the lake formed by the High Dam at Aswan, Egypt, fall in the range from 4.65 mm d−1 to 7.95 mm d−1. The difference between these limits, more than 7 billion m3 yr−1 at the highest storage level, is nearly one-eighth the share by treaty of Egypt, and more than one-third of the share of the Sudan. It is also more than the estimated increase of the annual water need for Egypt between 1990 and 2000. This state of affairs renders proper management of the river flow for the sake of Egypt and the Sudan quite difficult. This paper compares the relevant methods of estimating evaporation from the limited data available. These methods are:water-balance, energy budget, bulk aerodynamic (Dalton),combination (Penman) andComplementary Relations Lake Evaporation (CRLE) model (Morton). The new estimates have a much narrower range, from 5.70 mm d−1 to 7.05 mm d−1, or only a bit more than 4% of the annual Nile flow below the High Aswan Dam. The average of these annual estimates of evaporation, after excluding the bulk aerodynamic method because of its severe limitations, is 6.0 ± 0.3 mm d−1 or 20% less than the 7.5 mm d−1 adopted by the irrigation authorities in Egypt and the Sudan. This difference corresponds to 3 billion m3 yr−1 at the highest storage level or more than 5% of the annual outflow from the reservoir. Even when the higher estimates from the bulk aerodynamic method and from the Penman method with its usual wind function are included, the new average is still 15% less than the figure of 7.5 mm d−1. The monthly distribution of the annual evaporation varies more widely with the method applied. Similar comparative studies in future, aiming at obtaining improved estimates of evaporation, require all the data relevant to all the methods to be collected properly for a common period of several years at relatively stable lake level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00863783
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  • 4
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    Evaporation from the reservoir of the High Aswan Dam, Egypt: A new comparison of relevant methods with limited data (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-798X
    Electronic ISSN: 1434-4483
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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