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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frankfurter-type sausages were made in which 5%, 10%, or 15% of the meat was replaced with the following cottonseed-derived protein products: genetically glandless cottonseed flour (CF); liquid cyclone processed deglanded cottonseed flour (LCPC); genetically glandless cottonseed storage protein isolate (CI). All-meat controls (0% cottonseed protein additive) were formulated at each replacement level with fat contents equivalent to those of the cottonseed protein-added frankfurters. Compared to all-meat controls, frankfurters made with increasing levels of cottonseed proteins generally had higher pH values, less cured color, less firmness of skin, softer texture, and were less desirable as judged by sensory panels. At the 10% and 15% replacement levels, frankfurters containing LCPC, had significantly (P 〈 0.05) lower scores for external and internal visual color, overall satisfaction and bioyield and rupture force values than did Cl-added frankfurters. Simple correlation coefficients suggest that significantly (P 〈 0.05) correlated responses exist within and across replacement levels between pH and sensory panel scores, Instron values and visual color scores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Left sides of 30 slaughtered pigs were electrically stimulated (ES); right sides were not stimulated (NES). Sides were placed in a conventional cooler (24 hr) or blast freezer (3 hr) or showered with a brine solution (15.8% salt, -5.6°C for 3 hr). Twenty-four hr postmortem, picnic shoulders were removed, dissected into four muscle groups and determinations made for certain processing properties. ES decreased (P 〈 0.05) pH values for predominantly white muscles, increased (P 〈 0.05) juice loss during cooking for shank muscles and decreased (P 〈 0.05) percentages of salt-soluble protein (SSP) for both predominantly red and shank muscles. Other muscle properties were not affected by ES. Rapid initial chilling did not affect (P 〉 0.05) processing properties of muscle groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frankfurters were made in a nonvacuum bowl chopper. Batter samples were taken after 2, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min of chopping and after 30, 60, and 90 min of cooking. Both raw and cooked batter samples were fixed in solutions of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde, OsO4, and then embedded in SPURR (low-viscosity resin). Light microscopy (toluidine blue-stained sections) was used to identify the location, appearance and structures of major components; electron microscopy (lead citrate-stained sections) was used to determine ultrastructural changes. During chopping, muscle fibers were reduced in size but some remained intact; lipid droplets were reduced in size with only a portion of them being surrounded by a protein interface and collagen fibers were somewhat dispersed but were otherwise unaltered. More observable changes occurred during cooking than during chopping. At the end of cooking (90 min) collagen fibrils had lost their banding pattern; some lipid droplets retained their protein interface and myofilaments changed from a fibrous to a granular appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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