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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Balbiani rings ; Evolution ; Immunological detection ; Nucleotide sequence ; 3′ End
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two cDNA clones representing the 3′-end regions of BR1 and BR2 75S mRNA were obtained fromChironomus pallidivittatus. The regular structure characterizing the core of these genes, consisting of tandemly arranged repeat units, changes into a more irregular structure toward the 3′ end. Distal to a standard type of repeat unit with a characteristic excess of positive charges, a new type of repeat with a high, negative charge density is interspersed among parts of the standard unit. The last 111 amino acids before the stop codon represent a unique region distinctly different in amino acid composition from upstream regions, and include two partially homologous hydrophobic regions. Sequence comparison of 3′-end regions from clones representing BR1 and BR2 genes indicates striking sequence conservation in the unique part of the region. Analysis of the level of silent site divergence shows that the homology increases in the 3′ direction up to the polyadenylation site. That the unique region is retained as a part of the secreted protein is shown by Western blotting.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 311-319 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Chironomus thummi ; Repetitive DNA ; Cotransposition ; NTS of rDNA ; Claelements ; Satellite DNA ; DNA amplification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A family of highly repetitive DNA elements, the Cla-elements, is present in the genomes of the two sibling speciesChironomus th. thummi andCh. th. piger. These Cla-elements are organized in large tandem repetitive clusters as well as occuring as interspersed monomeric elements, in both subspecies. The analysis of a monomeric Cla-element and several kilobases of its flanking sequences fromCh. th. piger revealed that the short Cla-elements are cotransposed together with adjacent DNA. We found the same association of Cla-elements with specific flanking DNA in clones obtained from the rDNA ofCh. th. thummi and from nonribosomal Cla-DNA ofCh. th. piger. The Cla-element-flanking DNA is clearly also repetitive, but mainly of inter-spersed organization.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 105-105 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 is a sketch of the system of measurement, essentially the same as that used by Borisov and Zadumin1. Thin sintered alumina substrates (98 per cent A12O3) approximately 04 mm in thickness were used as the inert reference material and similar plates were prepared from the clay slips. The dried ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The DNA from the two Drosophila nasuta races, D. n. nasuta and D. n. albomicana was investigated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. D. n. nasuta has one major AT-rich satellite DNA sequence with a density of 1.664g/cm3, while D. n. albomicana has at least three satellites with densities of 1.674g/cm3, 1.665g/cm3 and 1.661 g/cm3. The isolated satellite sequences hybridize in situ to all heterochromatic regions of all metaphase chromosomes of both races. In polytene chromosomes the satellite sequences hybridize exclusively to the chromocenter. All chromosomal regions hybridizing with the satellites show also bright quinacrine fluorescence.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Native highly repetitive DNA sequences have been allowed to react in situ with DNA-depleted polytene chromosomes of chironomids in cytological preparations. The double-stranded DNA can bind specifically to the centromeric heterochromatin, where these sequences have been localized previously by in situ hybridization. Various control experiments support the conception that heterochromatin-specific DNA-binding proteins are involved in the in situ binding.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A DNA fraction has been isolated from total Chironomus thummi thummi DNA which is discernible from the bulk Ch. th. thummi DNA by a lower thermal stability. In situ hybridizations with polytene salivary gland chromosomes of Ch. th. thummi and Ch. th. piger made localization of this DNA fraction possible. Hybridizations with bands which contain different amounts of DNA in the two subspecies indicate that the isolated DNA fraction mostly consists of those sequences which represent the genetical difference between thummi and piger.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 6 (1959), S. 219-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Fe-, Cr- and Al-spinels were synthesized and their unit cell sizes determined by means of X-rays. Differential thermal curves show that the magnetic inversion of α Fe2O3 at 680° C accelerates the formation of the ferrites when the constituent oxides are heated together. A correlation can be made between ionic radii of cations and unit cell dimensions provided the effect of covalent forces in the lattice is taken into account. The values for ionic radii of cations as given byAhrens (1952) permit a better correlation than those ofGoldschmidt. A shrinkage of 0.01 Å in the unit cell size per 0.01 Å decrease in the ionic radius of the divalent cations was determined when spinels with the same cation arrangement in the same group were compared. A shrinkage of 0.027 Å in the unit cell size per 0.01 Å decrease in the ionic radius of the trivalent cations was determined in spinels having the same divalent cation and cation arrangement when the trivalent cations form the same type of bonds. The “half-occupation” of the 3d orbits in Mn2+ and Fe3+ causes abnormally high unit cell dimensions in spinels where these ions are incorporated in octahedral sites. This is attributed to the formation of electrovalent bonds by these ions. Variable forces of contraction in the lattice are revealed when the unit cell dimensions are correlated with the ionic radii of cations. The force of contraction can be satisfactorily explained as being due to covalent forces in the spinel structure. The magnitude of this force or the degree of covalence in the bonds increases in the following order of cations where these are situated in tetrahedral sites: The divalent transition element ions, Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+; the B-Sub-group element ions Cd2+ and Zn2+; Fe3+ in tetrahedral co-ordination.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two haemoglobin (Hb) gene clusters cloned from the genomic DNA of Chironomus thummi were localized in the polytene chromosomes of 13 Chironomus species. The haemoglobin gene cluster containing the genes for the monomeric haemoglobin proteins III and IV (λCttG1) hybridized in all species to the end of chromosome arm E. The haemoglobin gene cluster containing the genes for the dimeric HbVIIB proteins (λpiHb1) could be localized to chromosome arm D. The chromosomal position of the haemoglobin genes was always found in morphologically specified groups of bands and is in agreement with cytological data, which have been used to establish the evolutionary relationships between the species of the genus Chironomus.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 83 (1996), S. 432-435 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The DNAs of the two subspecies ofChironomus thummi, Ch. th. thummi andCh. th. piger, were investigated by CsCl density-gradient centrifugation, melting analysis and restriction analysis including Southern hybridization with AT-rich, highly repetitive DNA sequences. The melting analysis of density-fractionatedCh. th. thummi andCh. th. piger DNA has shown that thethummi DNA contains an early melting DNA fraction, which is enriched in the light fractions of the density gradient. The DNA fraction is also present inpiger DNA though in lower concentration. Restriction and Southern analysis of density fractionatedthummi andpiger DNA has revealed that there are two tandemly-repetitive DNA-sequence families that hybridize with this AT-rich, early melting DNA fraction. One sequence is characterized by anHae-III site and a basic repeat length of 130 ± 15 bp and the other by aCla-1 restriction site and a basic repeat length of 120 ± 4 bp. These sequences are present in much higher concentrations in the genome ofCh. th. thummi when compared toCh. th. piger, and are hence correlated to the higher DNA content of theCh. th. thummi genome.
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